Demonstrating Substantial Evidence of Effectiveness for Human Drug and Biological Products Draft Guidance for Industry June 2026

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Submit Comments by 09/22/2026

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Although you can comment on any guidance at any time (see 21 CFR 10.115(g)(5)), to ensure that the FDA considers your comment on a draft guidance before it begins work on the final version of the guidance, submit either online or written comments on the draft guidance before the close date.

If unable to submit comments online, please mail written comments to:

Dockets Management
Food and Drug Administration
5630 Fishers Lane, Rm 1061
Rockville, MD 20852

All written comments should be identified with this document's docket number: FDA-2019-D-4964

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• Docket Number: FDA-2019-D-4964
• Issued by: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Oncology Center of Excellence

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA, Agency, or we) is announcing the availability of a revised draft guidance for industry titled “Demonstrating Substantial Evidence of Effectiveness for Human Drug and Biological Products.” FDA has revised and is reissuing this draft guidance in response to public comments and to changes in drug development by focusing on generating rigorous scientific evidence in the most efficient manner. Advances in our understanding of biological processes and the increasing availability of high-quality data have transformed the evidentiary landscape for drug development. Given these advances, the draft guidance discusses the many factors that can impact the strength of evidence of effectiveness for a drug and clarifies how sponsors can rely on one adequate and well-controlled clinical investigation with confirmatory evidence to satisfy the substantial evidence of effectiveness standard. When final, this guidance will replace the 1998 guidance titled “Providing Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness for Human Drug and Biological Products.

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