Contact Cooling System for Aesthetic Use - Class II Special Controls Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff
Document issued on: February 7, 2011
For questions regarding this document contact Richard Felten at 301-796-6392 by email at richard.felten@fda.hhs.gov.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
Center for Devices and Radiological Health
General Surgery Devices Branch
Division of Surgical, Orthopedic and Restorative Devices
Office of Device Evaluation
Preface
Public Comment
Written comments and suggestions may be submitted at any time for Agency consideration to Dockets Management Branch, Division of Management Systems and Policy, Office of Human Resources and Management Services, Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Room 1061, (HFA-305), Rockville, MD, 20852. Alternatively, electronic comments may be submitted to http://www.regulations.gov. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. Comments may not be acted upon by the Agency until the document is next revised or updated.
Additional Copies
Additional copies are available from the Internet. You may also send an email request to CDRH-Guidance@fda.hhs.gov to receive a copy of the guidance. Please use the document number (1734) to identify the guidance you are requesting.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Background
- Scope
- Device Description
Device Components
Photograph or Drawing of the Device
Comparison to the Predicate Device - Risks to Health
- Bench Testing
- Software Validation
- Animal Testing
- Clinical Testing
- Biocompatibility
- Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
- Electrical and Mechanical Safety Performance Testing
- Labeling
Device User Manual
Directions for Use
Indications for Use
Contraindications
Storage Conditions
Warnings
Precautions
Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff
Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Contact Cooling System for Aesthetic Use
1. Introduction
This guidance document was developed as a special control guidance to support the classification of the contact cooling system for aesthetic use into class II (special controls). The device is intended to apply cooling to the body to achieve temporary changes in physical appearance. This guidance document is issued in conjunction with a Federal Register notice announcing the classification of the contact cooling system for aesthetic use.
Following the effective date of the final rule, manufacturers of devices within this generic type of device will need to address the issues covered in the special control guidance. However, the manufacturer need only show that its device meets the recommendations of the guidance or in some other way provides equivalent assurances of safety and effectiveness.
2. Background
FDA believes that special controls, when combined with the general controls, will be sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the contact cooling system for aesthetic use. Therefore, a manufacturer who intends to market a device of this generic type must (1) conform to the general controls of the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act), including the premarket notification requirements described in 21 CFR 807 Subpart E, (2) address the specific risks to health associated with the contact cooling system for aesthetic use, including those identified in this guidance, and (3) obtain a substantial equivalence determination from FDA prior to marketing the device.
This special control guidance document identifies the classification regulation and product code for the contact cooling system for aesthetic use (refer to Section 3. Scope). Other sections of this guidance document list the risks to health FDA has identified and describe measures that, if followed by manufacturers and combined with the general controls, will generally address the risks associated with these contact cooling systems and lead to a timely 510(k) review. This document supplements other FDA documents regarding the specific content requirements of a premarket notification submission. You should also refer to 21 CFR 807.87, the guidance, Format for Traditional and Abbreviated 510(k)s1 and the section of CDRH’s Device Advice, How to Prepare a 510(k) Submission.2
3. Scope
The scope of this document is limited to the following class II device (product code OOK) described below.
21 CFR 878.4340 Contact Cooling System for Aesthetic Use
Identification. A Contact Cooling System for Aesthetic Use is a device that is a combination of a cooling pad associated with a vacuum or mechanical massager intended for the disruption of adipocyte cells intended for non-invasive aesthetic use.
Classification. Class II (special controls). The special controls are: The FDA guidance document entitled: “Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Contact Cooling System for Aesthetic Use.”
4. Device Description
We recommend you identify your device using regulation and product code described in Section 3. Scope and include the following:
Device Components
We recommend you identify all components, system software, and accessories within the scope of the 510(k).
Photograph or Drawing of the Device
We recommend you provide a photograph or drawing of the device. We also recommend you provide a functional block diagram (including all accessories).
Comparison to the Predicate Device
We recommend you explain how your device and the predicate are similar, with respect to indications for use and technological characteristics.
5. Risks to Health
In the table below, FDA has identified the risks to health generally associated with the use of the contact cooling system for aesthetic use addressed in this document. The measures recommended to mitigate these identified risks are given in this guidance document, as also shown in the table below. You should also conduct a risk analysis before submitting your premarket notification to identify any other risks specific to your device. We recommend the premarket notification describe the risk analysis method and include the results. If you elect to use an alternative approach to address a particular risk identified in this guidance document, or you have identified risks additional to those in the guidance, you should provide sufficient detail to support the approach you have used to address that risk.
| Identified risk | Recommended mitigation measures |
|---|---|
| Discomfort, Pain, Tenderness | Section 6. Bench Testing Section 9. Clinical Testing Section 13. Labeling |
| Thermal Injury (Tissue Damage from Uncontrolled Cooling) | Section 6. Bench Testing Section 7. Software Validation Section 8 Animal Testing Section 9. Clinical Testing Section 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC 60601-1-2) Section 13. Labeling |
| Systemic Response to Cold | Section 9. Clinical Testing Section 13. Labeling |
| Electrical Shock | Section 12. Electrical and Mechanical Safety Performance Testing (IEC 60601-1) |
| Inflammation/Foreign Body Response | Section 10. Biocompatibility (ISO 10993) |
| Use Error | Section 13. Labeling |
| Delayed polymerization | Section 6. Bench Testing Section 9. Animal Testing |
6. Bench Testing
We recommend that preclinical testing be performed to demonstrate that the contact cooling system for aesthetic use meets all design specification and performance requirements. The testing should confirm that interface temperature shall have a steady state accuracy within ± 0.5oC of the target value, that feedback and control of the cooling mechanism is active during treatment, and that there is a mechanism incorporated into the device to ensure the device does not exceed a safe cooling limit. Testing should demonstrate the accuracy of the method for targeting the region of interest and, if applicable, for monitoring the progress or result of treatment. If a vacuum system is included in the device design, a mechanism should be incorporated to ensure that the device does not exceed a safe vacuum limit.
Testing should be performed to assess the probability of system failure, the means by which system failure can be mitigated, and the means by which system failure is apparent to the user. The overall system should be tested to ensure proper performance to design specifications and to assess the failure modes and probabilities. Bench testing may also be used to assess the likelihood that the conditions of use may affect system performance.
7. Software Validation
We recommend that you submit the information for software-controlled devices described in Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices.3 The kind of information we recommend you submit is determined by the “level of concern,” which is related to risks associated with software failure. The level of concern for a device may be minor, moderate, or major. FDA believes that the software used to operate the device presents a “moderate level of concern” as described in the Software Guidance because a failure or latent design flaw could directly result in minor injury to the patient or operator.
In addition, we recommend that the development of the control software follow IEC 60601-1-4: Medical electrical equipment – Part 1-4; “General Requirements for Safety; Collateral Standard: Programmable electrical medical devices” or equivalent methods.
8. Animal Testing
We recommend that you evaluate the functionality and safety of the contact cooling system for aesthetic use under simulated use conditions using in vivo or ex vivo models as appropriate. Studies should characterize dose dependent tissue effects and permit an assessment of the probability of an inadvertent deposition of energy into distal and/or surrounding non-target tissue. In addition to mitigating the risks of an unintentional dose being delivered to non-target tissue, evidence should be provided that demonstrates that the desired tissue effects are limited to well-defined target areas with clearly evident boundaries. Testing protocols should also simulate actual use conditions and demonstrate the system’s functional ability. Tissue histology demonstrating evidence of targeted cell death while ensuring normal cellular appearance of surrounding tissue could be a critical component of this testing.
The conduct of preclinical animal studies should follow modern practices of humane care and use (please refer to Appendix A), including thorough veterinary medical record-keeping at all stages of the study, appropriate training of personnel, and adequate controls for the minimization of infections, pain and distress, and other experimental confounders. Standard operating procedures consistent with refinements, reductions, and where appropriate validated models exist, replacement, should also be implemented.4 FDA also requires that animal studies to support marketing and research applications are conducted in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies (21 CFR Part 58).
9. Animal Testing
FDA may recommend that you collect clinical data for a contact cooling system for aesthetic use with any of the following:
- indications for use different from a legally marketed system of the same type (including different anatomical sites);
- designs different from designs previously cleared under a premarket notification; or
- new technology, i.e., technology different from that used in legally marketed contact cooling systems for aesthetic use.
FDA will consider alternatives to clinical testing when the proposed alternatives are supported by an adequate scientific rationale.
If a clinical study is needed, we recommend that you evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the particular contact cooling system for aesthetic use demonstrating its ability to achieve the desired aesthetic results in a significant portion of the target population when used for the proposed indications for use and under the proposed conditions of use, including adequate direction for use and warnings against unsafe use that appear in the labeling. We suggest that you use any clinical studies that are conducted to confirm the safety of the device that was established through bench and animal testing.
If a clinical study is needed to demonstrate substantial equivalence, i.e., conducted prior to obtaining a 510(k) clearance of the device, the study must be conducted under the Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) regulation, 21 CFR Part 812. We believe that the system addressed by this guidance document is a significant risk device as defined in 21 CFR 812.3(m).5 In addition to the requirement of having an FDA-approved IDE, sponsors of such trials must comply with the regulations governing institutional review boards (21 CFR Part 56) and informed consent (21 CFR Part 50).
10. Biocompatibility
We recommend that you evaluate the biocompatibility of the device as described in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard ISO 10993-1, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices Part 1: Evaluation and Testing for intermittent external contact with intact external body surfaces. If identical materials and identical material processing are used in a predicate device with the same type and duration of patient contact, you may identify the predicate device in lieu of performing biocompatibility testing.
11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
We recommend that you demonstrate the EMC of the device by performing EMC testing as described in the following FDA-recognized standard or equivalent method.
- IEC 60601-1-2 (Second Edition, 2001) Medical Electrical Equipment – Part 1: General Requirements for Safety; Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements and Tests.
12. Electrical and Mechanical Safety Performance Testing
We recommend that you demonstrate the electrical and mechanical safety of the device by performing electrical and mechanical safety testing as described in the following FDA-recognized standard or equivalent method.
- IEC 60601-1, Medical Electrical Equipment – Part 1: General Requirements for Safety.
13. Labeling
The premarket notification must include labeling in sufficient detail to satisfy the requirements of 21 CFR 807.87(e). The following suggestions are aimed at assisting you in preparing the labeling that satisfies the requirements of 21 CFR Part 801.6
Device User Manual
We recommend that you provide a user manual with the device. The user manual should include descriptions of:
- the device and all accessories
- how the device interconnects with other components or accessories
- all features, functions, output modalities, and specifications
- all user-accessible controls
- summary of clinical testing
- indicators, markings, and/or labels on the device which provide information regarding the function or meaning of each control, display output jack, etc.
- illustrations of the device and accessories
Directions for Use
As a prescription device, under 21 CFR 801.109, the device is exempt from having adequate directions for lay use. Labeling must include, however, adequate information for practitioner use of the device, including indications, effects, routes, methods, frequency and duration of administration and any relevant hazards, contraindications, side effects and precautions. (21 CFR 801.109(d)).
Indications for Use
We recommend the indications for use statement include that the device is intended as a non-invasive dermatological aesthetic treatment and name the area or areas of use. We recommend that the indications for use be included in the user manual.
Contraindications
We recommend that you advise users not to use the device in areas of open wounds or lesions, active implantables (e.g., pacemakers or defibrillators), or metallic implants, or on individuals who have cryoglobulinemia or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria or any other disease conditions that could be exacerbated by topical cooling.
Storage Conditions
We recommend that storage conditions be included in the user manual.
Warnings
Should describe serious adverse reactions and potential safety hazards, limitations in use imposed by them, and steps that should be taken if they occur.
Should include an appropriate warning if there is reasonable evidence of an association of a serious hazard with the use of the device. A causal relationship need not have been proved.
Should include an appropriate warning that there is a potential hazard for individuals who may have underlying cold sensitive health conditions or reduced skin sensitivity due to other medical conditions.
We believe a warning is appropriate when the device is commonly used for a disease or condition for which there is a lack of valid scientific evidence of effectiveness for that disease or condition and such usage is associated with a serious risk or hazard.
Precautions
Should include information regarding any special care to be exercised by the practitioner and/or patient for the safe and effective use of the device, for example:
- Should identify any laboratory tests or other evaluations that may be helpful in following the patient’s response or identify adverse reactions and, if appropriate, specify the frequency of such tests or evaluations before, during and after use of the device.
Appendix A
As stated in Section 9, the conduct of preclinical animal studies should follow modern practices of humane care and use. All animal studies should be designed based on the modern practices described in the following references.
- Animal Welfare Act, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9 Volume 1, 7 USC 2131-2156
- Definitions: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/9cfr1_03.html
- Regulations: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/9cfr2_03.html
- Standards: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/9cfr3_03.html
- Applicable Policies: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/policy.shtm
- Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Office of Protection from Research Risks, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 1996: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm
- Public Law 99-158 “Animals in Research” Health Research Extension Act of 1985 November 20, 1985. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm#Health%20Research%20Extension%20Act%20of%201985.
- US Government Principles for the Utilization of and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm#USGovPrinciples.
- Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Research Council, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Commission on Life Sciences 1996. National Academies of Science Press, Washington, DC. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5140&page=8
1 Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff Format for Traditional and Abbreviated 510(k)s.
2 Device Advice: Premarket Notification 510(k).
3 Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices | FDA
4 ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-2:2006: Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 2: Animal welfare requirements
And
Quinn, J.V., Tissue Adhesives in Clinical Medicine, BC Decker Inc., 2nd ed. 2005.
Russell, W.M.S. and Burch, R.L., The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen, London, 1959. Reprinted by UFAW, 1992: 8 Hamilton Close, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QD England. ISBN 0 900767 78 2
5 For additional information regarding clinical trial requirements, see Information Sheet Guidances Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors, available at: http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/ RunningClinicalTrials/GuidancesInformationSheetsandNotices/default.htm
6 Although final labeling is not required for 510(k) clearance, final labeling must comply with the requirements of 21 CFR Part 801 before a medical device is introduced into interstate commerce. In addition, final labeling for prescription medical devices must comply with 21 CFR 801.109. Labeling recommendations in this guidance are consistent with the requirements of Part 801.