Drug Trial Snapshot: DAURISMO
HOW TO USE THIS SNAPSHOT
The information provided in Snapshots highlights who participated in the clinical trials that supported the FDA approval of this drug, and whether there were differences among sex, race, and age groups. The “MORE INFO” bar shows more detailed, technical content for each section. The Snapshot is intended as one tool for consumers to use when discussing the risks and benefits of the drugs.
LIMITATIONS OF THIS SNAPSHOT:
Do not rely on Snapshots to make decisions regarding medical care. Always speak to your health provider about the risks and benefits of a drug. Refer to DAURISMO Prescribing Information for complete information.
DAURISMO (glasdegib)
DOOR-is-moe
Pfizer, Inc.
Approval date:November 21, 2018
DRUG TRIALS SNAPSHOT SUMMARY:
What is the drug for?
DAURISMO is used to treat adults with newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
It is to be used in patients who
- are 75 years of age or older, or
- have other medical conditions that prevent the use of standard chemotherapy.
AML is a rapidly progressing cancer that forms in the bone marrow and results in an increased number of white blood cells in the bloodstream.
How is this drug used?
DAURISMO is a tablet used once a day together with another drug (cytarabine) at low dose.
What are the benefits of this drug?
In the trial, patients treated with DAURISMO together with low dose cytarabine lived about 8.3 months in comparison to patients treated with cytarabine alone who lived about 4.3 months.
What are the benefits of this drug (results of trials used to assess efficacy)?
The table below summarizes efficacy results established on the overall survival (OS) from the date of randomization to death from any cause.
Table 2. Efficacy Results
Endpoint |
DAURISMO With |
Low-Dose Cytarabine Alone |
---|---|---|
OS |
N=77 |
N=38 |
Median survival, months (95% CI) |
8.3 (4.4, 12.2) |
4.3 (1.9, 5.7) |
Hazard ratio (95% CI)a |
0.46 (0.30, 0.71) |
|
p-valueb |
0.0002 |
|
CR |
N=14 |
N=1 |
CR rate (in %, 95% CI) |
18.2 (10.3, 28.6) |
2.6 (0.1, 13.8) |
Abbreviations: AML = acute myeloid leukemia; N = number of patients; OS = overall survival; CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response.
a. Hazard ratio (DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine/low-dose cytarabine alone) based on the Cox Proportional hazards model stratified by cytogenetic risk.
b. 1-sided p-value from log-rank test stratified by cytogenetic risk.
DAURISMO Prescribing Information
Were there any differences in how well the drug worked in clinical trials among sex, race and age?
- Sex: DAURISMO worked similarly in men and women.
- Race: Most of the patients were White. Differences in how well DAURISMO worked among races could not be determined because of the small number of patients of other races.
- Age: DAURISMO worked similarly in patients younger and older than 75 years of age.
Were there any differences in how well the drug worked in clinical trials among sex, race, and age groups?
The table below summarizes efficacy results by demographic subgroups. These analyses were exploratory and therefore should be interpreted with caution.
Table 3. Subgroup Analyses of Overall Survival by Sex, Race, and Age
Subgroup |
DAURISMO +Low-Dose Cytarabine (N=77) |
Low-Lose Cytarabine |
Hazard Ratio (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex |
|||
Men |
59 |
23 |
0.42 (0.25,0.72) |
Women |
18 |
15 |
0.48 (0.22,1.06) |
Race |
|||
White |
75 |
38 |
0.46 (0.3,0.72) |
All Other |
2 |
0 |
- |
Age Group |
|||
<75 years |
30 |
15 |
0.27 (0.13,0.57) |
≥ 75 years |
47 |
23 |
0.59 (0.34,1.01) |
Adapted from FDA Review
What are the possible side effects?
DAURISMO is harmful to the unborn child. Both men and women should use effective contraception during treatment with DAURISMO and for at least 30 days after the last dose.
The most common side effects of DAURISMO are anemia, fatigue, bleeding, low blood cell counts, fever, bone and muscle pains, nausea, swelling, shortness of breath, decreased appetite, changes in taste, pain or sores in your mouth or throat, constipation, and rash.
What are the possible side effects (results of trials used to assess safety)?
The tables below summarize adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities in the clinical trial.
Table 4. Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 10% of Patientsa,b Within the First 90 Days of Therapy
Body System |
Adverse Reactions |
DAURISMO with |
Low-Dose Cytarabine |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Grades |
Grade ≥ 3 |
All Grades |
Grade ≥ 3 |
|||
Blood and lymphatic system disorder |
Anemia |
43 |
41 |
42 |
37 |
|
General disorders and administration site conditions |
Fatigued |
36 |
14 |
32 |
7 |
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
Musculoskeletal painh |
30 |
2 |
17 |
2 |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Nausea |
29 |
1 |
12 |
2 |
|
Respiratory thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
Dyspneal |
23 |
11 |
24 |
7 |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
Decrease appetite |
21 |
1 |
7 |
2 |
|
Nervous system disorders |
Dysgeusian |
21 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
Rasho |
20 |
2 |
7 |
2 |
|
Infection and infestations |
Pneumoniap |
19 |
15 |
24 |
22 |
|
Investigations |
Hyponatremia |
11 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cardiac disorders |
Atrial arrhythmiaq |
13 |
4 |
7 |
2 |
|
Renal and urinary disorders |
Renal insufficiencyr |
19 |
5 |
10 |
0 |
Abbreviations: N = number of patients.
Preferred terms were retrieved by applying the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 19.1.
Trial used National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0.
Adverse reactions include events that commenced within 28 days after the last treatment dose.
a. Adverse reactions with ≥10% incidence in the DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine arm or the low-dose cytarabine arm are included.
b. No Grade 5 events in the DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine or low-dose cytarabine alone arm.
c. Hemorrhage includes petechiae, epistaxis, hematoma, contusion, rectal hemorrhage, anal hemorrhage, ecchymosis, gingival bleeding, hematuria, mouth hemorrhage, purpura, cerebral hemorrhage, eye contusion, eye hemorrhage, gastric hemorrhage, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematemesis, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, implant site hematoma, injection site bruising, retroperitoneal hematoma, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, tracheal hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, eyelid hematoma, hematochezia, hemorrhage intracranial, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma.
d. Fatigue includes asthenia and fatigue.
e. Edema includes edema peripheral, edema, fluid overload, fluid retention, and swelling face.
f. Mucositis includes mucosal inflammation, oropharyngeal pain, stomatitis, anal ulcer, gingival pain, laryngeal inflammation, esophagitis, oral pain, aphthous ulcer, mouth ulceration, and pharyngeal inflammation.
g. Chest pain includes chest pain and non-cardiac chest pain.
h. Musculoskeletal pain includes pain in extremity, arthralgia, back pain, myalgia, musculoskeletal pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, neck pain, and bone pain.
i. Muscle spasms includes muscle spasms and muscle tightness.
j. Abdominal pain includes abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, and abdominal pain lower.
k. Diarrhea includes diarrhea, colitis, and gastroenteritis.
l. Dyspnea includes dyspnea, hypoxia, bronchospasm, and respiratory failure.
m. Cough includes cough and productive cough.
n. Dysgeusia includes dysgeusia and ageusia.
o. Rash includes rash, pruritus, erythema, skin ulcer, rash maculo-papular, and rash pruritic.
p. Pneumonia includes pneumonia, pneumonia aspiration, and lung infection.
q. Atrial arrhythmia includes atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia, and sinus tachycardia.
r. Renal insufficiency includes acute kidney injury, blood creatinine increased, oliguria, and renal failure.
DAURISMO Prescribing Information
Table 5. Selected Laboratory Abnormalities (≥ 15% )a Within the First 90 Days of Therapy
Laboratory Abnormality |
DAURISMO with Low-Dose Cytarabine |
Low-Dose Cytarabine |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N |
All Grades |
Grade 3 or 4* |
N |
All Grades |
Grade 3 or 4* |
|
Creatinine increased |
81 |
96 |
1 |
40 |
80 |
5 |
Hyponatremia |
81 |
54 |
7 |
39 |
41 |
8 |
Hypomagnesemia |
81 |
33 |
0 |
39 |
23 |
0 |
AST increased |
80 |
28 |
1 |
40 |
23 |
0 |
Blood bilirubin increased |
80 |
25 |
4 |
39 |
33 |
3 |
ALT increased |
80 |
24 |
0 |
40 |
28 |
3 |
Alkaline phosphatase increased |
80 |
23 |
0 |
40 |
28 |
3 |
Hyperkalemia |
81 |
16 |
1 |
40 |
8 |
3 |
CPK increased |
38 |
16 |
0 |
17 |
6 |
0 |
Hypokalemia |
81 |
15 |
0 |
40 |
23 |
0 |
Abbreviations: N = number of patients; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; CPK = creatinine phosphokinase.
BRIGHT AML 1003 used National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0.
* Grade 1 is mild, Grade 2 is moderate, Grade 3 is severe, Grade 4 is life-threatening.
a. Maximum severity based on the number of patients with available on-study laboratory data.
DAURISMO Prescribing Information
Were there any differences in side effects among sex, race and age?
- Sex: The occurrence of side effects was similar in men and women.
- Race: Most of the patients were White. Differences in the occurrence of side effects among races could not be determined because of the small number of patients of other races.
- Age: The occurrence of side effects was similar between patients younger and older than 75 years of age
Were there any differences in side effects of the clinical trials among sex, race, and age groups?
Tables below summarize adverse events (AEs) during the clinical trials by sex, age and race subgroup. These analyses were exploratory and therefore should be interpreted with caution.
Table 6. Subgroup Analyses of Adverse Events by Sex
Adverse Events |
DAURISMO + Low-Dose Cytarabine |
Low Dose-Cytarabine |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Men (N=66) |
Women (N=16) |
Men (N=24) |
Women (N=17) |
|
Any AEs, n (%) |
66 (100.0) |
18 (100.0) |
24 (100.0) |
17 (100.0) |
Febrile neutropenia |
23 (34.8) |
7 (38.9) |
6 (25.0) |
4 (23.5) |
Diarrhea |
15 (22.7) |
8 (44.4) |
6 (25.0) |
3 (17.6) |
Anemia |
28 (42.4) |
10 (55.6) |
8 (33.3) |
9 (52.9) |
Nausea |
19 (28.8) |
11 (61.1) |
1 (4.2) |
4 (23.5) |
Table 7a. Subgroup Analyses of Adverse Events by Age Group (<65 years v. ≥65 years)
Adverse Events |
DAURISMO + Low Dose Cytarabine |
Low -Dose Cytarabine |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
<65 years |
≥65 years |
<65 years |
≥65 years |
|
Any AEs, n (%) |
2 (100.0) |
82 (100.0) |
1 (100.0) |
40 (100.0) |
Nausea |
1 (50.0) |
29 (35.4) |
0 (0.0) |
5 (12.5) |
Diarrhea |
1 (50.0) |
22 (26.8) |
1 (100.0) |
8 (20.0) |
Febrile neutropenia |
0 (0.0) |
30 (36.6) |
0 (0.0) |
10 (25.0) |
Anemia |
1 (50.0) |
37 (45.1) |
0 (0.0) |
17 (42.5) |
Constipation |
1 (50.0) |
20 (24.4) |
0 (0.0) |
6 (15.0) |
Table 7b. Subgroup Analyses of Adverse Events by Age Group (<75 years v. ≥75 years)
Adverse Events |
DAURISMO + Low-Dose Cytarabine |
Low-Dose Cytarabine |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
<75 years |
≥75 Years |
<75 Years |
≥75 Years |
|
Any AEs, n (%) |
34 (100.0) |
50 (100.0) |
17 (100.0) |
24 (100.0) |
Febrile neutropenia |
12 (35.3) |
18 (36.0) |
5 (29.4) |
5 (20.8) |
Anemia |
18 (52.9) |
20 (40.0) |
7 (41.2) |
10 (41.7) |
Nausea |
14 (41.2) |
16 (32.0) |
3 (17.6) |
2 (8.3) |
Constipation |
5 (14.7) |
16 (32.0) |
2 (11.8) |
4 (16.7) |
Decreased appetite |
8 (23.5) |
20 (40.0) |
1 (5.9) |
4 (16.7) |
Table 8. Analyses of Adverse Events by Race
Adverse Events |
DAURISMO + Low Dose-Cytarabine |
Low-Dose Cytarabine |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
White |
|
Any AEs, n (%) |
81 (100.0) |
1 (100.0) |
2 (100.0) |
41 (100.0) |
Diarrhea |
22 (27.2) |
1 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
9 (22.0) |
Febrile neutropenia |
29 (35.8) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (50.0) |
10 (24.4) |
Nausea |
29 (35.8) |
1 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
5 (12.2) |
Anemia |
37 (45.7) |
1 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
17 (41.5) |
Pyrexia |
21 (25.9) |
1 (100.0) |
1 (50.0) |
9 (22.0) |
Constipation |
20 (24.7) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (50.0) |
6 (14.6) |
Fatigue |
24 (29.6) |
1 (100.0) |
1 (50.0) |
8 (19.5) |
Adapted from Clinical trial report
WHO WAS IN THE STUDIES?
Who participated in the clinical trials?
The FDA approved DAURISMO based on evidence from one clinical trial (NCT01546038) of 125 patients treated with DAURISMO. One hundred fifteen patients assigned to treatment with DAURISMO had newly-diagnosed AML.
The trial was conducted in United States, Canada and Europe.
Figure 1 summarizes how many men and women were in the clinical trial.
Figure 1. Baseline Demographics by Sex
FDA Review
Figure 2 and Table 1 below summarize the percentage of patients by race in the clinical trial.
Figure 2. Baseline Demographics by Race
FDA Review
Table 1. Baseline Demographics by Race
Race |
Number of Patients |
Percentage |
---|---|---|
White |
122 |
98 |
Asian |
2 |
2 |
Black or African American |
1 |
less than 1 |
FDA Review
Figure 3 summarizes how many patients of certain age were enrolled in the clinical trial.
Figure 3. Baseline Demographics by Age
FDA Review
Who participated in the trials?
The table below summarizes demographics of all patients enrolled in the clinical trial who received DAURISMO (safety population).
Table 9. Baseline Demographics (safety population)
Demographic Category |
DAURISMO with Low-Dose Cytarabine
|
Low -Dose Cytarabine |
TOTAL |
---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) |
|||
Men |
66 (79) |
24 (59) |
90 (72) |
Women |
18 (21) |
17 (41) |
35 (28) |
Race, n (%) |
|||
White |
81 (96) |
41 (100) |
122 (98) |
Asian |
2 (2) |
0 |
2 (2) |
Black or African American |
1 (1) |
0 |
1 (<1) |
Age (years) |
|||
Mean |
76 |
75 |
76 |
Median |
77 |
76 |
77 |
Min, Max |
63, 92 |
58, 83 |
58, 92 |
Age Group (years) |
|||
<65 years |
2 (2) |
1(2) |
3 (2) |
≥65 years |
82 (98) |
40 (98) |
122 (98) |
Ethnicity, n (%) |
|||
Unknown |
84 (100) |
41 (100) |
125 (100) |
Region, n (%) |
|||
United States |
23 (27) |
6 (15) |
29 (23) |
Canada |
8 (10) |
1 (2) |
9 (7) |
Europe |
53 (63) |
34 (83) |
87 (70) |
FDA Review
How were the trials designed?
There was one trial that evaluated the benefit and side effects of DAURISMO in patients with newly-diagnosed with AML.
Patients received DAURISMO once daily in combination with low-dose cytarabine or low-dose cytarabine alone up to 1 year (12 cycles) or until disease worsened or unacceptable toxicity. Both patients and heath care providers knew which treatment was given.
The benefit of DAURISMO in combination with low-dose cytarabine was evaluated in patients with newly diagnosed AML by measuring how long the patients lived (this is called overall survival or OS) in comparison to patients who received low-dose cytarabine alone.
How were the trials designed?
The safety and efficacy of DAURISMO in combination with low-dose cytarabine was evaluated in a multicenter, open label, randomized trial that included patients 55 years or older with newly-diagnosed AML
One hundred and twenty-five patients received DAURISMO orally at dose of 100 mg daily with low dose cytarabine 20 mg subcutaneously twice daily on days 1 to 10 of a 28-day cycle or low-dose cytarabine alone in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The efficacy was established on the basis of overall survival (OS) from the date of randomization to death from any cause.
GLOSSARY
CLINICAL TRIAL: Voluntary research studies conducted in people and designed to answer specific questions about the safety or effectiveness of drugs, vaccines, other therapies, or new ways of using existing treatments.
COMPARATOR: A previously available treatment or placebo used in clinical trials that is compared to the actual drug being tested.
EFFICACY: How well the drug achieves the desired response when it is taken as described in a controlled clinical setting, such as during a clinical trial.
PLACEBO: An inactive substance or “sugar pill” that looks the same as, and is given the same way as, an active drug or treatment being tested. The effects of the active drug or treatment are compared to the effects of the placebo.
SUBGROUP: A subset of the population studied in a clinical trial. Demographic subsets include sex, race, and age groups.