Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke: Established List
April 2012
Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke; Established List
FDA has established a list of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in tobacco products and tobacco smoke (the established HPHC list) as required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act).
The established list of 93 HPHCs is included in the notice and in the table below.
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Table 1.--Established List of the Chemicals and Chemical Compounds Identified by FDA as Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke |
|
|---|---|
| Constituent | Carcinogen (CA), Respiratory Toxicant (RT), Cardiovascular Toxicant (CT), Reproductive or Developmental Toxicant (RDT), Addictive (AD) |
|
Acetaldehyde |
CA, RT, AD |
|
Acetamide |
CA |
|
Acetone |
RT |
|
Acrolein |
RT, CT |
|
Acrylamide |
CA |
|
Acrylonitrile |
CA, RT |
|
Aflatoxin B1 |
CA |
|
4-Aminobiphenyl |
CA |
|
1-Aminonaphthalene |
CA |
|
2-Aminonaphthalene |
CA |
|
Ammonia |
RT |
|
Anabasine |
AD |
|
o-Anisidine |
CA |
|
Arsenic |
CA, CT, RDT |
|
A-α-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) |
CA |
|
Benz[a]anthracene |
CA, CT |
|
Benz[j]aceanthrylene |
CA |
|
Benzene |
CA, CT, RDT |
|
Benzo[b]fluoranthene |
CA, CT |
|
Benzo[k]fluoranthene |
CA, CT |
|
Benzo[b]furan |
CA |
|
Benzo[a]pyrene |
CA |
|
Benzo[c]phenanthrene |
CA |
|
Beryllium |
CA |
|
1,3-Butadiene |
CA, RT, RDT |
|
Cadmium |
CA, RT, RDT |
|
Caffeic acid |
CA |
|
Carbon monoxide |
RDT |
|
Catechol |
CA |
|
Chlorinated dioxins/furans |
CA, RDT |
|
Chromium |
CA, RT, RDT |
|
Chrysene |
CA, CT |
|
Cobalt |
CA, CT |
|
Coumarin |
Banned in food |
|
Cresols (o-, m-, and p-cresol) |
CA, RT |
|
Crotonaldehyde |
CA |
|
Cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene |
CA |
|
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene |
CA |
|
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene |
CA |
|
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene |
CA |
|
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene |
CA |
|
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene |
CA |
|
2,6-Dimethylaniline |
CA |
|
Ethyl carbamate (urethane) |
CA, RDT |
|
Ethylbenzene |
CA |
|
Ethylene oxide |
CA, RT, RDT |
|
Formaldehyde |
CA, RT |
|
Furan |
CA |
|
Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole) |
CA |
|
Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole) |
CA |
|
Hydrazine |
CA, RT |
|
Hydrogen cyanide |
RT, CT |
|
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene |
CA |
|
IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) |
CA |
|
Isoprene |
CA |
|
Lead |
CA, CT, RDT |
|
MeA-α-C (2-Amino-3-methyl)-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) |
CA |
|
Mercury |
CA, RDT |
|
Methyl ethyl ketone |
RT |
|
5-Methylchrysene |
CA |
|
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) |
CA |
|
Naphthalene |
CA, RT |
|
Nickel |
CA, RT |
|
Nicotine |
RDT, AD |
|
Nitrobenzene |
CA, RT, RDT |
|
Nitromethane |
CA |
|
2-Nitropropane |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosodiethylamine |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) |
CA |
|
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) |
CA |
|
N-Nitrososarcosine (NSAR) |
CA |
|
Nornicotine |
AD |
|
Phenol |
RT, CT |
|
PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) |
CA |
|
Polonium-210 |
CA |
|
Propionaldehyde |
RT, CT |
|
Propylene oxide |
CA, RT |
|
Quinoline |
CA |
|
Selenium |
RT |
|
Styrene |
CA |
|
o-Toluidine |
CA |
|
Toluene |
RT, RDT |
|
Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) |
CA |
|
Trp-P-2 (1-Methyl-3-amino-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole ) |
CA |
|
Uranium-235 |
CA, RT |
|
Uranium-238 |
CA, RT |
|
Vinyl acetate |
CA, RT |
|
Vinyl chloride |
CA |