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Drug Trials Snapshots: GENVOYA

HOW TO USE THIS SNAPSHOT
The information provided in Snapshots highlights who participated in the clinical trials that supported the FDA approval of this drug, and whether there were differences among sex, race and age groups. The “MORE INFO” bar shows more detailed, technical content for each section. The Snapshot is intended as one tool for consumers to use when discussing the risks and benefits of the drugs.

LIMITATIONS OF THIS SNAPSHOT:
Do not rely on Snapshots to make decisions regarding medical care. Always speak to your health provider about the risks and benefits of a drug. Refer to the GENVOYA Prescribing Information for complete information.

GENVOYA (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) tablets
jen-VOY-uh
Gilead Sciences
Approval date: November 5, 2015


DRUG TRIALS SNAPSHOT SUMMARY:

What is the drug for?

GENVOYA is a drug for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older. It is a fixed-dose combination tablet, which means GENVOYA includes more than one drug combined in a single tablet.

How is this drug used?

GENVOYA is a tablet that is taken by mouth with food once a day.

GENVOYA should not be given with other antiretroviral products and may have drug interactions with a number of other commonly used medications.

What are the benefits of this drug?

GENVOYA reduced viral load and is comparable to other treatments.

What are the benefits of this drug results of trials used to assess efficacy)?

Efficacy information for GENVOYA can be found in PRESCRIBING INFORMATION.

The table below summarizes the primary efficacy endpoint (pooled virologic outcomes) at Week 48 for the pooled two clinical trials of treatment-naïve subjects.

Table 3. Pooled Virologic Outcomes of Randomized Treatment at Week 48 for the Pooled Trials of Treatment-Naïve Subjects

  GENVOYA
(N=866)
STRIBILD
(N=867)
HIV-1 RNA < 50=""> 92% 90%
Treatment Difference 2.0% (95% CI: -0.7% to 4.7%)
HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mLb 4% 4%
No Virologic Data at Week 48 Window 4% 6%
Discontinued Study Drug Due to AE or Deathc 1% 2%
Discontinued Study Drug Due to Other Reasons and Last Available HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies>d 2% 4%
Missing Data During Window but on Study Drug 1% <1%

a. Week 48 window was between Day 294 and 377 (inclusive).
b. Included subjects who had ≥ 50 copies/mL in the Week 48 window; subjects who discontinued early due to lack or loss of efficacy; subjects who discontinued for reasons other than an adverse event (AE), death or lack or loss of efficacy and at the time of discontinuation had a viral value of ≥ 50 copies/mL.
c. Includes subjects who discontinued due to AE or death at any time point from Day 1 through the time window if this resulted in no virologic data on treatment during the specified window.
d. Includes subjects who discontinued for reasons other than an AE, death or lack or loss of efficacy; e.g., withdrew consent, loss to follow-up, etc.

GENVOYA Prescribing Information, Table 13

The table below summarizes the primary endpoint in the trial of virologically-suppressed subjects who switched to GENVOYA.

Table 4. Virologic Outcomes at Week8 in Virologically-Suppressed Subjects who Switched to GENVOYA

  GENVOYA
(N=799)
ATRIPLA or TRUVADA+atazanavir+cobicistat or ritonavir or STRIBILD
(N=397)
HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL 96% 93%
HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mLb 1% 1%
No Virologic Data at Week 48 Window 3% 6%
Discontinued Study Drug Due to AE or Deathc 1% 1%
Discontinued Study Drug Due to Other Reasons and Last Available HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies>d 1% 4%
Missing Data During Window but on Study Drug 2% 1%

GENVOYA Prescribing Information, Table 14

Refer to PRESCRIBING INFORMATION for efficacy data on HIV-1 infected subjects with renal impairment and HIV-1 treatment-naïve adolescent subjects aged 12 to less than 18.

Were there any differences in how well the drug worked in clinical trials among sex, race and age?

Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, race and age.

  • Sex: GENVOYA worked similarly in men and women.
  • Race: GENVOYA worked similarly in Whites, Blacks, and Asians.
  • Age: The majority of patients in the trials were below 65 years of age. Differences in how well GENVOYA worked between those below and above 65 years of age could not be determined.

Were there any differences in how well the drug worked in clinical trials among sex, race, and age groups?

Subgroup analysis was conducted for the clinical trials that supported approval. Below are the separate analyses for the primary endpoint in two large clinical trials in treatment-naïve subjects (Trails 104 and 111), the trial in virologically-suppressed adults, and the trial in virologically-suppressed adults with renal impairment. The trial of adolescents had too few subjects to perform adequate subgroup analysis.

Table 5. Virologic Outcome by Subgroup for the Clinical Trial of Treatment-Naïve Patients (Trial 104)

Subgroup GENVOYA STRIBILD
Sex
Women
Men

67/71 (94.4%)
339/364 (93.1%)

52/56 (92.9%)
347/376 (92.3%)
Race
White
Black
Asian
Other

235/250 (94%)
82/94 (87.2%)
79/81 (97.5%)
10/10 (100%)

243/255 (95.3%)
64/81 (79%)
81/85 (95.3%)
11/11 (100%)
Age
<65
≥65

404/433 (93.3%)
2/200 (100%)

393/426 (92.9%)
6/6 (100%)

FDA Statistical Review

Table 6. Virologic Outcome by Subgroup for the Clinical Trial of Treatment-Naïve Patients (Trial 111)

Subgroup GENVOYA STRIBILD
Sex
Women
Men

59/62 (95.2%)
331/369 (89.7%)

59/71 (83.1%)
324/364 (89%)
Race
White
Black
Asian
Other

214/235 (91.1%)
115/129 (89.1%)
17/20 (85%)
44/47 (93.6%)

217/243 (89.3%)
113/132 (85.6%)
13/16 (81.3%)
40/44 (90.9%)
Age
<65
≥65

389/430 (90.5%)
1/1 (100%)

379/431 (87.9%)
4/4 (100%)

FDA Statistical Review

Table 7. Virologic Outcome by Subgroup for the Clinical Trial of Virologically- Suppressed adults (Trial 109)

Subgroup GENVOYA Control
Sex
Women
Men

73/78 (93.6%)
687/721 (95.3%)

35/37 (94.6%)
339/360 (94.2%)
Race
White
Black
Asian
Other

511/537 (95.2%)
149/158 (94.3%)
47/49 (95.9%)
53/55 (96.4%)

247/261 (94.6%)
87/94 (92.6%)
24/26 (92.3%)
16/16 (100%)
Age
<65
≥65

750/789 (95.1%)
10/10 (100%)

369/392 (94.1%)
5/5 (100%)

FDA Statistical Review

Table 8. Virologic Outcome by Subgroup for the Clinical Trial in Virologically- suppressed adults with renal impairment (Trial 112)

Subgroup GENVOYA STRIBILD
Sex
Women
Men

4/4 (100%)
95/108 (88%)

1/1 (100%)
48/57 (84.2%)
Race
White
Black
Asian

68/74 (91.9%)
28/35 (80%)
3/3 (100%)

36/40 (90%)
12/16 (75%)
1/2 (50%)
Age
<65
≥65

98/111 (88.3%)
1/1 (100%)

49/58 (84.5%)
0

FDA Statistical Review

What are the possible side effects?

The most common side effect associated with GENVOYA is nausea. Serious side effects include new or worsening kidney problems, decreased bone mineral density, fat redistribution and changes in the immune system (immune reconstitution syndrome).

GENVOYA can cause a buildup of lactic acid in the blood and severe liver problems, both of which can be fatal.

Patients receiving GENVOYA experienced significantly higher increases in serum cholesterol (both total and LDL, or “bad”, cholesterol) compared to patients receiving another HIV medication in the clinical trials.

GENVOYA is not approved to treat chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

What are the possible side effects (results of trials used to assess safety)?

The primary safety assessment of GENVOYA in treatment-naïve adults was based on Week 48 pooled data from 1733 subjects in two randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trials (called Study 104 and Study 111) in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adult subjects. The table below summarizes adverse reactions from these 2 trials.

Table 9. Adverse Reactionsa (All Grades) Reported in ≥ 5% of HIV-1 Infected Treatment Naïve Adults Receiving GENVOYA in Studies 104 and 111 (Week 48 analysis)

  GENVOYA
N=866
STRIBILD
N=867
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Diarrhea 7% 9%
Nausea 10% 13%
GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS
Fatigue 5% 4%
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Headache 6% 5%

a. Frequencies of adverse reactions are based on all adverse events attributed to study drugs by the investigator.
GENVOYA Prescribing Information, Table 2

In the clinical trial of virologically suppressed adults, the adverse reaction profile of GENVOYA was similar to that of treatment-naïve subjects.

In the 24-week clinical trial of patients with renal impairment (baseline eGFR 30 to 69 mL per minute) who received GENVOYA, mean serum creatinine was 1.5 mg per dL at both baseline and Week 24. Median UPCR was 161 mg per gram at baseline and 93 mg per gram at Week 24. In the clinical trial of pediatric patients, the adverse reaction profile was similar to that in the adults trials.

Additional safety information is described in Section 6 of GENVOYA Prescribing Information.

Were there any differences in side effects among sex, race and age?

Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, race and age.

  • Sex: The risk of side effects was similar in men and women.
  • Race: The risk of side effects was similar in black and non-black patients.
  • Age: The majority of patients in the trials were below 65 years of age. Differences in the risk of side effects between those below and above 65 years of age could not be determined.

Were there any differences in side effects of the clinical trials among sex, race, and age groups?

According to the primary review:

  • the overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events in the pivotal trials was similar in men and women.
  • the incidence of adverse events in the pivotal trials was similar in black and non-black patients.

WHO WAS IN THE CLINICAL TRIALS?

Who participated in the clinical trials?

The FDA approved GENVOYA based on evidence from 4 clinical trials of 3,171 adults and one trial of 23 children with HIV.

Figure 1 summarizes how many men and women were enrolled in the clinical trials in adults.

Figure 1. Baseline Demographics by Sex--Adults

Pie chart summarizing how many men and women were enrolled in the clinical trial used to evaluate efficacy of the drug GENVOYA.  In total, 2746 men (87%) and 425 women (13%) participated in the clinical trial used to evaluate efficacy of the drug GENVOYA.

Clinical Trial Data

Figure 2 summarizes how many boys and girls were enrolled in the clinical trial in children.

Figure 2. Baseline Demographics by Sex for Children

Pie chart summarizing how many boys and girls were enrolled in the clinical trial used to evaluate efficacy of the drug GENVOYA.  In total, 12 boys (52%) and 11 girls (48%) participated in the clinical trial used to evaluate efficacy of the drug GENVOYA.

Clinical Trial Data

Figure 3 and Table 1 summarize the percentage of adults by race enrolled in the clinical trials.

Figure 3. Baseline Demographics by Race--Adults

Pie chart summarizing the percentage of patients by race enrolled in the GENVOYA clinical trial. In total, 21 American Indian or Alaskan Natives (<1%), 275 Asians (9%), 732 Black or African Americans (23%), 18 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islanders (<1%), 1933 Whites (61%), and 2 not permitted (<1%) participated in the clinical trial.

<1%=less than="">
Not permitted=collection of race data not permitted in all countries
Clinical Trial Data

Table 1. Demographics of Efficacy Trials by Race--Adults

Race Number of Patients Percentage
American Indian or Alaska Native 21 <1%
Asian 275 9%
Black or African American 732 23%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 18 <1%
White 1933 61%
Not Permitted 2 <1%

<1%=less than="">
Not permitted=collection of race data not permitted in all countries
Clinical Trial Data

Figure 4 and Table 2 summarize the percentage of children by race enrolled in the clinical trial.

Figure 4. Baseline Demographics by Race—Children

Pie chart summarizing the percentage of children by race enrolled in the GENVOYA clinical trial. In total, 4 Asians (17%) and 19 Black or African Americans (83%) participated in the clinical trial.

Clinical Trial Data

Table 2. Baseline Demographics by Race—Children

Race Number of Patients Percentage
Asian 4 17%
Black or African American 19 83%

Clinical Trial Data

Figure 5 summarizes how many patients adults by age were enrolled in the clinical trials.

Figure 5. Baseline Demographics by Age—Adults

Pie chart summarizing how many individuals of certain age groups were enrolled in the GENVOYA clinical trial.  In total, 3,080 participants were below 65 years old (97%) and 91 participants were 65 and older (3%).

Clinical Trial Data

Who participated in the trials?

The tables below summarize baseline demographics for the pooled adult clinical trials (Table 10) and for the clinical trial in children (Table 11).

Table 10. Baseline Demographics for the 4 Pooled Adult Trials (104, 111, 109, and 112)

  GENVOYA Comparator Total
(N=1907) (N=1264) (N=3171)
Sex
Male 1646 (86.3%) 1100 (87.0%) 2746 (86.6%)
Female 261 (13.7%) 164 (13.0%) 425 (13.4%)
Age Group
18 - 64 years 1831 (96.0%) 1249 (98.8%) 3080 (97.1%)
>= 65 years 76 (4.0%) 15 (1.2%) 91 (2.9%)
Race
American Indian or Alaska Native 11 (0.6%) 10 (0.8%) 21 (0.7%)
Asian 163 (8.5%) 112 (8.9%) 275 (8.7%)
Black 425 (22.3%) 307 (24.3%) 732 (23.1%)
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 13 (0.7%) 5 (0.4%) 18 (0.6%)
White 1174 (61.6%) 759 (60.0%) 1933 (61.0%)
Not Permitted 2 (0.1%) 0 2 (<0.1%
Other 119 (6.2%) 71 (5.6%) 190 (6.0%)
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino 404 (21.2%) 233 (18.4%) 637 (20.1%)
Not Hispanic or Latino 1500 (78.7%) 1027 (81.3%) 2527 (79.7%)
Not Permitted 3 (0.2%) 3 (0.2%) 6 (0.2%)
Missing 0 1 1

Clinical Trial Data

Table 11. Baseline Demographics for the Trial in Children

  All patients
(N=23)
Sex
Male 12 (52.2%)
Female 11 (47.8%)
Race
Asian 4 (17.4%)
Black 19 (82.6%)
Ethnicity
Not Hispanic or Latino 23 (100.0%)

Clinical Trial Data

How were the trials designed?

GENVOYA was evaluated in four clinical trials in adults and one clinical trial in adolescents. In the adult trials, patients were randomly assigned to receive GENVOYA or another FDA approved HIV treatment.  In the adolescent trial, all patients received GENVOYA.

How were the trials designed?

(no further info included).

GLOSSARY

CLINICAL TRIAL: Voluntary research studies conducted in people and designed to answer specific questions about the safety or effectiveness of drugs, vaccines, other therapies, or new ways of using existing treatments.
COMPARATOR: A previously available treatment or placebo used in clinical trials that is compared to the actual drug being tested.
EFFICACY: How well the drug achieves the desired response when it is taken as described in a controlled clinical setting, such as during a clinical trial.
PLACEBO: An inactive substance or “sugar pill” that looks the same as, and is given the same way as, an active drug or treatment being tested. The effects of the active drug or treatment are compared to the effects of the placebo.
SUBGROUP: A subset of the population studied in a clinical trial. Demographic subsets include sex, race, and age groups.

PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

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