95S-0316
RPT 236
Volume 170-171
Volume 170
Cover
Page
Letter
from CFSAN dated May 28, 2004
Astaxanthin
Information from Ullman, Shapiro, & Ullman, LLP
New
Dietary Ingredient Notification for Astaxanthin Extracted from Haematococcus
Algae
Letter
from CFSAN dated May 21, 2004
75-Day
Premarket Notification
Torrlssen,
Ole J., Ronald W. Hardy and Karl D. Shearer. Pigmentation of Salmonids - Carotenoid
Deposition and Metabolism
http://www.newhope.com/nutritionsciencenews/NSN_backs/Feb_01/astaxanthin.cfm
Aquaxan Technical
Report - Aquaxan HD algal meal use in aquaculture diets
Torrissen,
O.J., and R. Christiansen. Requirements for carotenoids in fish diets. J. Appl.
Ichthyol. 11 (1995) 225-230.
Roche,
Carophyll Pink - Nature identical astaxanthin for aquaculture.
Turujman,
Saleh A., Wayne J. Wamer, Rong Rong Wei, Richard H. Albert. Rapid Liquid Chromatographic
Method to Distinguish Wild Salmon from Aquacultured Salmon Fed Synthetic Astaxanthin,
Journal of AOAC International, Vol 80, No. 3, 1997
A Technical
Review of Haematococcus Algae, NatuRose Technical Bulletin #060
Terao, J.
Antioxidant Activity of B-Carotene-Related Carotenoids in Solution, Lipids Vol.
24. No. 7 (1989)
Wiki, Wataru.
Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids, Pure & Appl Chem
Vol. 63. Nc. 1. (1991) 141-146
Tamami, Iwamoto
et al. Inhibition of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Astaxanthin, Journal
of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Vol. 7, No. 4, (Sept. 13, 2000) 216-222
Kurashige,
Michi, Eiji Okimasu, Masayasu Inoue and Kozo Utsumi. Inhibition of Oxidative
Injury of Biological Membranes by Astaxanthin, Physiol. Chem. Phys. & Med.
NMR. (1990) 22:27-38
Astaxanthin:
Human Foor Safety Summary
Edwards,
PhD, C.N. Haematococcus Pluvialis - AMES TEST - "Treat and Plate Test"
Edwards,
PhD, C.N. Haematococcus Pluvialis - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test
Performed with Mouse Lymohoma Cells (L5178Y)
Cover
Page
Acute
Toxicity Study in Rats Treated by Oral Route. Sept 7, 1995
RBM
Study
Ono, Atsushi
et al. A 13-week oral repeated dose subchronic toxicity study in F344 rats feeding
mixed with haematococcus color
Stewart,
John S. HPP: 13 Week Oral (Dietary Administration) Toxicity Study in the Rat
Volume 171
Murillo,
Enrique. Hypercholesterolemic Effects of Canthaxanthin and Astaxanthin in Rats
Spanish Translation
Nishikawa,
Yoshiyuki, Yoshiharu Minenaka, Mika Ichirnura. Physiological and Biochemical
Effects of Carotenoids (B -Carotene and Astaxanthin) on Rats, Oct. 31, 1997
Japanese Translation
Final Report
- Bacterial reverse mutation test of Astaxanthin, Nippon Experimental Medical
Research Institute Co., Ltd
Haematococcus
Pluvialis and Astaxahin Safety For Human Consumption, Mera Pharmaceuticals,
http://www.astafactor.com/techreports/tr3005-001.htm
Iwamoto,
Tamami et al. Inhibition of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Astaxanthin,
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thombosis Vol. 7, No. 4, (Sept. 13, 2000) 216-222
Lignell,
Ake. U.S. Patent - Medicament for improvement of duration of muscle function
or treatment of muscle disorders or diseases
Haematococcus
Pluvialis and Astaxanthin Safety For Human Consumption, http://www.astafactor.com/techreports/tr3005-001.htm
Osterlie,
Marianne, Bjorn Bjerkeng, and Synnone Liaaen-Jensen. Plasma appearance and distribution
of
astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose
administration of astaxanthin
Goldbohm,
R. Alexandra, Henny A. M. Brants, Karin F. A. M. Hulshof and Piet A. van den
Brandt. The Contribution of Various Foods to Intake of Vitamin A and Carotenoids
in the Netherlands, Internat J Vit Nutr Res 68 (1998) 378-383
Heinonen,
M. Food Groups as the Source of Retiaoids, Carotenoids, and Vitamin A in Finland,
Internat J Vit Nutr Res 61 (1991) 3-9
Faure, H.
et al. Les carotenoides: 2. Pathologie et etudes de supplementation, Ann Bio
Clin 57 (1999) 273-82
Carotenoids
Fact Book
Jyonouchi,
Harumi, Sining Sun, and Myron Gross. Effect of Carotenoids on In Vitro Immunoglobulin
Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Astaxanthin, a Carotenoid
Without Vitamin A Activity, Enhances In Vitro Immunoglobulin Production in Response
to a T-Dependent Stimulant and Antigen, Nutr Cancer 23 (1995) 171-183
Jyonouchi,
Harumi, Sining Sun, Yoshifumi Tomita, and Myron D. Gross. Astaxanthin, a Carotenoid
Without Vitamin A Activity, Augments Antibody Responses in Cultures Including
T-helper Cell Clones and Suboptimal Doses of Antigen, American Institute of
Nutrition (1995) 2483-2492
Spiller,
PhD, CNS, Gene A., Antonella Dewell, M.S., R.D. Safety of an Astaxanthin-Rich
Haematococcus pluvialis Algal Extract: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Journal
of Medicinal Food 6 (2003) 51-56
Sawaki, Keisuke,
Hiroshi Yoshigi, Kazubiro Aoki, Natsue Koikawa, Akito Azumane, Kesatoki Kaneko,
Masahiro Yamaguchi. Sports Performance Benefits from Taking Natural Astaxanthin
Characterized by Visual Acuity and Muscular Fatigue Improvement in Humans, J
Trad Med 19 (2002) 170- 173
Nagaki, Yasunori,
Seiji Hayasaka, Tetsuya Yamada, Yoriko Hayasaka, Mari Sanada, Takatoshi Uonomi.
Effects of astaxanthin on accommodation, critical flicker fusion, and pattern
visual evoked potential in visual display terminal workers, J Trad Med 19 (2002)
170-173
Shimada
et al. Safety Study of Astaxanthin Consumption in Humans, Fujita University,
Japan
United
States Patent, Lignell et al
Tajima,
Taeko et al. International Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Toyama,
Japan
Wang, Xin,
Roger Willen, and Torkel Wadstrom. Astaxanthin-Rich Algal Meal and Vitamin C
Inhibit
Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/cA Mice, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
44 (2000) 2452-2457
United
States Patent, Wadstrom et al
Maher, PhD,
Timothy J. Astaxanthin - Continuing Education Module, August 2000