Ralph L. Kodell, Ph.D., Director, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, FDA, National Center for Toxicological Research

University of the Ozarks, B.S., 1969, Mathematics
Stephen F. Austin State University, M.S., 1971, Mathematics
Texas A&M University, Ph.D., 1974, Statistics

Experience:

• 1974-75 Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 1975-93 Mathematical Statistician, Biometry Staff, National Center for Toxicological Research
• Fall 1982 Visiting Research Associate, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health
• Spring and Summer, 1985 Visiting Statistical Consultant, K.S. Crump and Co., Inc.
• 1993-96 Chief, Biometry Branch, National Center for Toxicological Research
• 1996-present Director, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research
  

Honors:

• H.O. Hartley Award, Texas A&M University, 1983
• FDA Award of Merit, 1980 and 1988
• Fellow of the American Statistical Association, 1992
• Distinguished Achievement Medal, Section on Statistics and the Environment, ASA, 1994
• Elected to International Statistical Institute, 1994
• Don Owen Award for Statistical Research, Editorial Activities, and Service, 1996
• Appointed to Senior Biomedical Research Service, 1996
• Fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences, 2000

Current Primary Research Interests:

• Statistical methods for toxicology, especially carcinogenesis
• Statistical models and techniques for quantitative risk assessment.

Selected Publications (from a total of 131 publications):

• Kodell, R.L., Lin, K.K., Thorn, B.T. and Chen, J.J. (2000). Bioassays of shortened duration: statistical implications. Toxicological Sciences 55: 415-432.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Young, J.F., Delongchamp, R.R., Turturro, A., Chen, J.J., Gaylor, D.W., Howard, P.C. and Zheng, Q. (2000). A mechanistic approach to modeling the risk of liver tumors in mice exposed to fumonisin B1 in the diet. Food Additives and Contaminants, accepted.
  

• Ahn, H., Kodell, R.L. and Moon, H. (2000). Attribution of tumor lethality and estimation of time to onset of occult tumors in the absence of cause-of-death information. Applied Statistics 49: 157-169.
  

• Razzaghi, M. and Kodell, R.L. (2000). Risk assessment for quantitative responses using a mixture model. Biometrics 56: 519-527.
  

• Kodell, R.L. and Gaylor, D.W. (1999). Combining uncertainty factors in deriving human exposure levels of noncarcinogenic toxicants. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 895: 188-195.
  

• Gaylor, D.W. and Kodell, R.L. (1999). Dose-response trend tests for tumorigenesis adjusted for body weight. Toxicological Sciences 49: 318-323.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Chen, J.J., Jackson, C.D. and Gaylor, D.W. (1999). Using short-term tests to predict carcinogenic activity in the long-term bioassay. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 5: 427-443.
  

• Gaylor, D.W., Kodell, R.L., Chen, J.J. and Krewski, D. (1999). A unified approach to risk assessment for cancer and noncancer endpoints based on benchmark doses and uncertainty/safety factors. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 29: 151-157.
  

• Kodell, R.L. and Ahn, H. (1997). An age-adjusted trend test for the tumor incidence rate for multiple-sacrifice experiments. Biometrics 53: 1467-1474.
  

• George, E.O. and Kodell, R.L. (1996). Tests of independence, treatment heterogeneity and dose-related trend with exchangeable binary data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 91: 1602-1610.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Chen, J.J. and Gaylor, D.W. (1995). Neurotoxicity modeling for risk assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 22: 24-29.
  

• Lensing, S.Y. and Kodell, R.L. (1995). Fitting the two-stage clonal expansion model based on exact hazard using SAS? NLIN. Risk Analysis 15: 233-245.
  

• Kodell, R.L. and West, R.W. (1993). Upper confidence limits on excess risk for quantitative responses. Risk Analysis 13: 177-182.
  

• Kodell, R.L. and Chen, J.J. (1991). Characterization of dose-response relationship inferred by statistically significant trend tests. Biometrics 47: 139-146.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Krewski, D. and Zielinski, J.M. (1991). Additive and multiplicative relative risks in the two-stage clonal expansion model of carcinogenesis. Risk Analysis 11: 483-490.
  

• Kodell, R.L. and Pounds, J.G. (1991). Assessment the toxicity of mixtures of chemicals. In: Statistics in Toxicology (D. Krewski and C. Franklin, eds.). Gordon and Breach Publishers, New York. pp. 557-589.
  

• Chen, J.J. and Kodell, R.L. (1989). Quantitative risk assessment for teratological effects. Journal of the American Statistical Association 84: 966-971.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Gaylor, D.W. and Chen, J.J. (1987). Using average lifetime dose rate for intermittent exposures to carcinogens. Risk Analysis 7: 339-345.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Haskin, M.G., Shaw, G.W. and Gaylor, D.W. (1983). CHRONIC: a SAS® procedure for statistical analysis of chronic studies. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 16: 287-310.
  

• Kodell, R.L., Shaw, G.W. and Johnson, A.M. (1982). Nonparametric joint estimator for disease resistance and survival functions in survival/sacrifice experiment. Biometrics 38: 43-58.
  

• Gaylor, D.W. and Kodell, R.L. (1980). Linear interpolation algorithm for low-dose risk assessment of toxic substances. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 4: 305-312.