Curriculum Vitae

Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee

Jack Thomas Stapleton, M.D.

Personal Data  
Citizenship Status: -------  
Social Security Number: --------------  
------------------------------)  

Education
----------
(Biology)
Drake University,
Des Moines, Iowa
---------
A.B.
University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa
----------
M.D.
University of Kansas
Kansas City, Kansas
1980-1983
Resident
Internal Medicine
University of N Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC
1983-1984
Fellow
Microbiology
University of N Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC
1984-1986
Fellow and
Clinical Instructor
Infectious Diseases
University of N Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC

 

Academic Appointment    
1986-1987 Instructor University of Iowa
1987-1991 Assistant Professor University of Iowa
1987-present Staff Physician Iowa City VA Medical Center
1988-1992 Research Associate Veterans Administration
1988-present Director,
Virology Clinic 		University of Iowa
Hospitals and Clinics
1991-1996 Associate Professor
(with tenure) 		University of Iowa
1996-present Professor University of Iowa
1999-2000 Advanced Career Enhancement Award Veterans Admin.
1999-present Director, Helen C. Levitt Center
for Viral Pathogenesis and Disease		 University of Iowa
2004-2005Interim Director, Division of
Infectious Diseases 		University of Iowa
2004-present Faculty, Interdisciplinary Program
in Molecular Biology 		University of Iowa
2005 – present Director, Division of Infectious Diseases University of Iowa

 

Certification
American Board of Internal Medicine 1983 -----
ABIM, Infectious Diseases Subspecialty Boards 1986 -------

Licensure
North Carolina ---------  
Iowa -------  

Professional Affiliations

Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians (Fellow), American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society of Microbiology, Infectious Disease Society of America (Fellow), American Federation for Clinical Research, Counsellor, Midwest Section, American Society for the Study of Liver Diseases, Central Society for Clinical Research, American Association of HIV Medicine, Association of American Physicians


Honors and Awards
1974 Phi Eta Sigma Honor Society, Drake University
1980 Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Fraternity
1980 Mahlon Delp Award (Senior Medical Student Award
Department of Internal Medicine, University of
Kansas School of Medicine)
1984 Individual National Research Service Award
(1 F32 AI06988-01) National Institutes of Health
1985 National Foundation of Infectious Diseases ICAAC
Travel Award
1988 Research Associate Award, Veterans Administration
1989 Midwest AFCR-Upjohn Award for Excellence in
Research in Infectious Diseases
1991 Nominee, M4 Teacher of the Year
1992 Central Society of Clinical Research
1994 Fellow, Infectious Diseases Society of America
1996 Nominee, M4 Teacher of the Year
1996 Fellow, American College of Physicians
1998 Infectious Diseases Research Advisory Committee, VA (Chair, 2000-2001)
1999 Advanced Career Development Award, Veterans Administration
2000 Director, Helen C. Levitt Center for Viral Pathogenesis
2002-present Virology-Immunology Advisory Committee, Community Program for
Clinical Research on AIDS.
2003-present Hepatitis Working Group. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
2003 Safety Monitoring Committee (Chair): NIH-DMID Anthrax vaccine studies
2005 NIH Review Panel, Hepatitis C Center Grants
2005 Review Panel, Middleton Award, Dept. of Veterans Affairs
2005 Ad Hoc NIH AIDS and Opportunistic Infection Complications Study Section
2006 VA Career Development Review Panel
2006 Association of American Physicians

Areas of Research Interest
  1. GB Virus type replication – epidemiology – HIV interactions
  2. Hepatitis C virus attachment, epidemiology, - HIV interactions
  3. HIV antiviral therapy, prevention and therapy of opportunistic infections
  4. Antiviral therapy and anti-viral vaccine clinical studies

Current Projects
  1. Hepatitis C virus and GB Virus C cell attachment and entry
  2. GB Virus C interactions with HIV: in vitro and in vivo.
  3. GBV-C and hepatitis C virus cellular and immunoglobulin interactions.
  4. Longitudinal study of HCV and GBV-C in HIV cohorts (ACTG, PACTG, MACS,
    WIHS, WITS, ALIVE, HIVNET, and VACS.
  5. Several Antiviral and Vaccine clinical trials including ---------------------------------------, DMID influenza vaccine dose study in the elderly, ACTG HIV studies, HCV studies, HPV vaccine studies, HSV glycoprotein vaccine study.

ACTIVE CLINICAL TRIALS:
Investigator Initiated (Stapleton is PI):

  1. Effects of Statins on HCV RNA levels in chronically infected adults.
  2. Effect of HCV on lipid metabolism in the VA Cooperative Study group.
  3. Effect of GB virus C on HIV disease progression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study group.
  4. Effect of GB virus C on HIV disease in women participating in the Women’s and Infants HIV Survey.
  5. Effect of GB virus C on HIV transmission in the Women and Infants Transmission Study Group.
  6. Effect of GBV-C on HIV therapy responses in the Community Programs on Clinical Research on AIDS.

Industry Initiated (Stapleton is University Site PI):

  1. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------.
  2. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------.
  3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
  4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
  5. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------

Prior completed studies listed at end of cv.

Review Activity:
Advisory Boards - Consultation:

Consultant: Food and Drug Administration Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee; Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA): Virology-Immunology working group (2004 – present); Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS): Hepatitis Working Group (2003-present); NIAID, DMID Safety Monitoring Committee Chair (for 2 recombinant anthrax vaccine studies (2004-2005); External consultant for American Association of Blood Banks Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Committee (Hepatitis A and transfusions (2004-2005). Liver Action Plan (primary reviewer, NIDDK, 2004-2005).

Ad Hoc Grants and Contracts Review Activity

Ad hoc: VA Merit Review; VA Career Development Program; WHO Program for Vaccine Development; International Science Foundation; UIHC Clinical Research Center; NIH Fogarty International Fellowships; American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grants; University of Indiana Rheumatic Disease Center Core Grants; Merck Sharp and Dohme Young Investigator Award Reviewer , Ontario HIV Network; Health Research Board’s Research Project Grants. Wellcome Trust.

Study Section Grant Review Activity

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Special Emphasis Grant Review Committee (HCV Center Grants), National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse Special Emphasis Grant Review Committee (HIV-ETOH interactions; chair), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute HCV Program Project Grants. VA AIDS Centers Review Committee (Chair). VA Infect ious Diseases Career Development Award Study Section (chair 2000-2003). NIH Special Emphasis Review Panel on Hepatitis C Virus Cooperative Center Grants, 2005. VA Middleton Award Review Panel (2005). Ad Hoc NIH AIDS and Opportunistic Infection Complications Study Section (2005). VA Career Development Review Panel (2006)

Ad Hoc Reviewer – Journals

Journal of Virology; Virology; Annals of Internal Medicine; Hepatology; Journal of the American Medical Association; Journal of Medical Virology; American Journal of Medicine; Journal of Infectious Diseases; Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes; Journal of Immunology; Clinical Infectious Diseases; Vaccine; Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease; Journal of Clinical Microbiology; Gastroenterology; American Review of Respiratory Disease; Clinical Performance and Quality Health Care; American Society Hospital Pharmacists; Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians; Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology; Hospital and Health Services Administration; Annals of Otolaryngology, Rhinology and Laryngology; Journal of Affective Disorders; PIER (Physicians Information and Education Resource) – ACP-ASIM; Archives of Internal Medicine; American Journal of Gastroenterology; Journal of Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research; Antiviral Therapy; FEBS Letters; Cell Research; European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Journal of Hepatology, AIDS; BioMed Central; Gut Online, European Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Invited Presentations
  1. The effects of proteases on hepatitis A virus (HAV) and interaction of HAV with a specific cell receptor. World Health Organization Workshop on Polio and Hepatitis Vaccine Development. National Institute of Biological Standards, London, England, December 1-3, 1988.
  2. Round Table Discussion: "Videx" (ddI) therapy for patients with advanced HIV disease. Satellite Symposium sponsored by Bristol-Myers, Inc., 6th International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, CA, June, 1990.
  3. Use of Videx (ddI) within the "expanded access" program. Bristol-Myers, Inc., Evansville, IN, July 23, 1990.
  4. Molecular aspects of HIV infection. Satellite Symposia on AIDS, Midwest AFCR Meeting, Chicago, IL, November, 1990.
  5. Immunoprophylaxis of Hepatitis A. SmithKline Beecham Laboratories, Rixensart, Belgium, January 28, 1991.
  6. Characterization of recombinant Hepatitis A virus vaccines. SmithKline Beecham Laboratories, Rixensart, Belgium, January 29, 1991.
  7. Passive immunoprophylaxis for Hepatitis A. International Symposium on the Prevention of Hepatitis A Virus, Vienna, Austria, January 27-29, 1992.
  8. Development of recombinant Hepatitis A virus vaccines. Eberhard-Karls University. Tubingen, Germany. March 20, 1992.
  9. Use of recombinant vaccinia to study hepatitis A virus proteolytic processing and morphogenesis. Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry. Munich, Germany. March 27, 1992.
  10. Proteolytic Processing of Hepatitis A Virus. Visiting Professor, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. February 9, 1993.
  11. Hepatitis A Vaccine Development: Current and Future Prospects. Visiting Professor, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. February 10, 1993.
  12. HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment. Keynote Speaker, The University of Iowa Medical Scientist Training Program Annual Retreat, August 20, 1993.
  13. Immune Response to Hepatitis A Virus. Havrix Investigators Symposium, Marco Island, FL. February 4, 1994.
  14. HIV Therapy and Resistance. Visiting Professor, University of South Dakota College of Medicine, Vermillion, SD. February 7, 1994.
  15. Molecular Diagnostics in HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Infection, LXth National Medical Congress, San Jose, Costa Rica. November 20, 1994.
  16. Pathogenesis and Prevention of Hepatitis A. LXth National Medical Congress, San Jose, Costa Rica. November 22, 1994.
  17. University of Minnesota, Pathology Grand Rounds. Hepatitis C Virus: Pathology and Virology, Minneapolis MN. December, 1994.
  18. Alcohol and HIV Infection. Invited speaker, Research Society on Alcoholism National meeting. Steamboat Springs, CO. June 20, 1995.
  19. International Center for Antiviral Research and Epidemiology. CMV: Viral DNA, RNA and Protein Detection Systems for Clinical Use. Minneapolis, MN. November 8, 1995.
  20. Alcohol and HIV Infection. Visiting Professor, Louisiana State University, Department of Internal Medicine, January 1996.
  21. Clinical Aspects and Epidemiology of HIV Infection. Research Society on Alcoholism National Meeting. Washington DC. June 25, 1996.
  22. Preliminary results from alcohol and viral load study. Integrated Behavioral and Biomedical AIDS Workshop. National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. Washington, DC. May 2, 1997.
  23. Hepatitis C Virus: Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenesis. Shanghai Institute of Biological Products. Shanghai, P.R. China. May 19, 1997.
  24. Pathogenesis and Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Shanghai Institute of Biological Products. Shanghai, P.R. China. May 20, 1997.
  25. Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus. Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, P.R. China. May 21, 1997.
  26. Hepatitis C Virus Interactions with the Immune System. American College of Rheumatology Study Groups, Washington, D.C., November, 1997.
  27. Characterization of GBV-C (Hepatitis G Virus) Particles. 2 nd International Flavivirus Symposium. Vienna, Austria, September 6, 1998.
  28. Hepatitis C Virus in Whole Blood: The Hidden Reservoirs. Visiting Professor, University of Washington. Seattle, WA. November 5, 1998.
  29. Evaluation of GB Virus C Structure: Characterization of Plasma and Recombinant Virus Particles. IX International Symposium on HCV and Related Flaviviruses. (Xiang and Stapleton). Natcher Conference Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD. June 6, 1999.
  30. Sero-silent HCV infection. Guest Lecturer, The University of Edinburgh Department of Microbiology Seminar. July 5, 1999.
  31. Anti-HIV activity of Gallium Nitrate. Titan Pharmaceuticals. San Francisco, CA. August 24, 2000.
  32. GB Virus C in vitro replication systems as a model for hepatitis C virus. ICN Pharmaceuticals. Costa Mesa, CA. August 25, 2000.
  33. HIV-Flavivirus Interactions. Visiting Professor, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. October 12-13, 2000.
  34. Molecular Virology of Hepatitis C Virus: It’s the Virus! Hepatitis C Caring Ambassador Program, San Diego, CA. January 19, 2001.
  35. GB Virus C (Hepatitis G Virus) Infection Prolongs Survival in HIV-Infected Individuals and Inhibits HIV Replication In Vitro. NIH Inter-Institutional Seminar, May 4, 2001.
  36. GB Virus C – HIV interactions: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID. May 4, 2001.
  37. HIV and HCV Basic Virology: Parallels and Contrasts? HIV Forum, Baltimore, MD. October 12, 2001.
  38. GBV-C – HIV Interactions: Current and Future Research. Genelabs. San Francisco, CA October 22, 2001.
  39. HIV-GBV-C Interactions. University of Minnesota. November 5, 2001.
  40. Hepatitis C Virus Diagnostic Approaches. Beckman Coulter Corp. Minneapolis, MN. November 6, 2001.
  41. HIV-HCV Coinfection. American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. November 14, 2001.
  42. HIV-Flavivirus Co-infection. Internal Medicine Grand Rounds, Duke University, Durham, NC. December 7, 2001.
  43. GB Virus C: A persistent, non-pathogenic human Flavivirus. Dept. of Microbiology, Indiana University. Indianapolis. May 16, 2002.
  44. HIV-Flavivirus Interactions: HCV and GB Virus C. Infectious Diseases Society of Indiana Meeting. Indianapolis, IN. May 16, 2002.
  45. Diagnosis and Management of HCV in HIV-positive people. Ryan White Care Act Grantee Conference. Washington, DC. August 20, 2002.
  46. GBV-C: A persistent human flavivirus. Visiting Professor, Mayo Clinic, Rochestor, MN. September 26, 2002.
  47. GBV-C – HIV Interactions. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Annual Meeting. Pittsburgh, PA. October 17, 2002.
  48. GBV-C - HIV Interactions – Update on Clinical Studies. All Iowa Virology Symposium. Iowa City, IA October 26,2002.
  49. GBV-C Molecular Biology: An Update. Genelabs. Redwood City, CA. January 13, 2003.
  50. GBV-C Infection Inhibits CCR5 and CXCR4 HIV Strains, and Alters Chemokine and Cytokine Gene Expression in PBMC Cultures. CROI, Boston, MA. February 13, 2003.
  51. GB Virus Type C: A common, persistent human infection associated with delayed HIV disease progression. Institute of Virology, Erlangen, Germany. June 20, 2003.
  52. GB Virus Type C: A common, persistent human infection associated with delayed HIV disease progression. Molecular Medicine Seminar Series. Oxford University. June 23, 2003.
  53. Natural History of Liver Disease in HIV/HCV co-infection and Drug Abuse. NIH Satellite Symposium on HIV and HCV co-infection, Amsterdam, September 26, 2003.
  54. Basic Virology of HCV and HIV: Parallels and Contrasts. NIH Symposium on HIV/Hepatitis C Co-infection: Impact on Nervous System Disease Burden. Bethesda, MD, October 2, 2003.
  55. HIV-Flavivirus Co-infections. Iowa Department of Public Health Symposium. October 14, 2003.
  56. GBV-C related Cellular Modulation: Visiting Professor, Duke University. December 3, 2003.
  57. GBV-C Update. NIH Division of AIDS Interagency Seminar Series. December 12, 2003.
  58. GB virus type C: A major factor in HIV long term survival? Visiting Professor, University of Colorado. January 5, 2004.
  59. GB virus C infection and Vertical HIV transmission. Women’s Interagency Health Study. Bethesda, MD. January 27, 2004.
  60. GB virus C: An update. Visiting Professor, St. Louis University. February 11, 2004.
  61. GB Virus C and HIV interactions. Visiting Professor, University of Washington Department of Microbiology. April 19, 2004.
  62. GB Virus C – HIV Interactions. Rush Medical University Grand Rounds. April 13, 2004.
  63. GBV-C inhibits HIV replication. University of Chicago Infectious Diseases Grand Rounds. April 13, 2004.
  64. Hepatitis G/GB virus and HIV. Annual HIV/AIDS CME course. Nebraska University, Omaha, NE. October 20, 2004.
  65. The effect of GB virus C on HIV replication and disease progression. 2004 International Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology. Baltimore, October 31 - November 4, 2004.
  66. GB Virus C and the MACS / WIHS Cohorts. 2004 Semiannual Joint Meeting of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women’s Interagency HIV Study sponsored by NIAID. San Francisco, CA, November 9, 2004.
  67. Mechanistic Studies on GB Virus C inhibition of HIV replication. GB Virus Symposium, Boston, MA. Feb. 21, 2005.
  68. Hepatitis G virus, HIV interactions. 21 st Annual Clinical Virology Symposium. Clearwater Florida. May 9, 2005
  69. GB Virus C and HIV Interactions: Molecular explanations for epidemiologic observations. University of North Carolina HIV Conference. May 13, 2005.
  70. GB Virus C and HIV. Federal University of Rio du Norte, Natal, Brazil, July 28, 2005.
  71. HIV – GB Virus C Interactions. Departments of Laboratory Medicin e, University of Minnesota Grand Rounds. September 27, 2005.
  72. GB Virus C and HIV Interactions: Molecular explanations for epidemiologic observations. National Institutes of Health, November 14, 2005.
  73. GB Virus C infection slows HIV Disease: Role of the NS5A protein? Visiting Professor, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, NYC. March 1, 2006.
  74. GB Virus C slows HIV disease progression: Do GBV-C E2 antibodies and their HIV neutralizing effect play a role? Bronx VA Medical Center, Invited Seminar Speaker, March 2, 2006.

Committees
1987-present Housestaff Recruitment Committee, Department of Internal Medicine
1987-88 Ad Hoc Committee on UIHC AIDS Care, UIHC
1988-92 Board Member, Johnson County AIDS Coalition
1988-89 Ad Hoc Committee on HIV Testing and State Law, UIHC
1989 AZT Prophylaxis for HIV Exposed Health Care workers, UIHC
1989-present University P3 Facility Committee, UI College of Medicine (Chair 93-95)
1990-91 Iowa Legislative AIDS Services Task Force
1991,1992 Internal Medicine Promotions Committee (Chair, 1992)
1993 Pharmacy and Therapeutics Subcommittee on Recombinant Therapeutics
1993-96 Board of Directors, Iowa Community AIDS Partnership
1994-96 Board of Directors, Iowa Center for AIDS Resources and Education
1995 Task Force on Substance Abuse at The University of Iowa Hospitals
1995-present Antimicrobial Subcommittee of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (Co-Chair, 1996), University of Iowa Hospitals
1995-1996 University of Iowa Home Healthcare Committee
1995-1996 Division of General Medicine Evaluation Committee
1996 Search Committee, Division Director, General Medicine
1996 Search Committee, Department of Microbiology
1996 Faculty Thesis Committee, Andrew Sylwester, Dept of Microbiology
1996 Internal Medicine Promotions Committee (Assoc. Prof. to Prof.)
1997 Thesis Committee, Raquel Cowan. Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
1997 Chair, Medicine Promotions Committee (Assoc. Prof. to Prof.)
1998-1999 Search Committee, Division Director, Hematology/Oncology
2000 Search Committee, Director of Molecular Diagnostics, Dept. of Pathology.
2000 Chair, Search Committee for Molecular Virologist, Levitt Center
2004-2005 Search Committee for Cardiology Division Director
2004 Comprehensive exam committee: Joshua Madson, Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa
2004 Comprehensive exam committee: Melinda Brindley, Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular Biology, University of Iowa
2005-present Internal Medicine VA-University Interactions Committee (Chair)
2005 Search Committee for Infectious Diseases Clinician-Educator Faculty
2005 Search Committee for Infectious Diseases Tenure Track Faculty
2004-6 Thesis Committee: Joshua Madson, Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa
2006- Thesis Committee: Rebecca Martinez, Molecular Biology Program
2006 Comps Committee: T.J. Crandic, Molecular Biology Program.

Current Financial Resources
NIH R01: GBV-C HIV Interactions (PI JTS) 2003-2008  
VA Merit Review: HCV, GB Virus C and 2002-2007
HIV: Pathogenesis and Metabolic Complications (PI-JTS) 		------
VA Contract: GBV-C infection in MACS, TACC
and WIHS cohorts: (PI JTS) 		------
NIH T32: Infectious Diseases Training Grant (PI-JTS) 2004-2009
 
Ryan White Title IIIb: HIV Service 2004-2007
Delivery in Rural Iowa (PI-JTS)
---------
Ryan White Title II: Case Management (PI-JTS) 1998-2004 ----------
NIH/DMID: (PI - Apicella) 2003 – 2010
Center for the study of Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens.
Stapleton is Co-Principal Investigator (with Winokur) on the clinical component 		 
NIH/DMID
Subcontract for Herpevac Vaccine (site PI - JTS) 		 
Merck: Futures Study
HPV Vaccine trial (site PI- JTS)
------
GSK: Patricia Study
HPV Vaccine trial (site PI - JTS)
---------
Pfizer (026,027,029) studies on a CCR5 inhibitor (PI-JTS)
based on accrural 		 
Subcontract, University of Minnesota ACTG 1992 – present
(PI-Meier, 2004-present, PI-Stapleton, 1992-2004, currently co-investigator) 		-----------
NIH/DMID and Sanofi: Dose ranging study of Influenza vaccine
(PI – Winokur, Stapleton is co-investigator)
 

Completed Grants at end of CV.
Personnel/Trainees

Current Clinical :
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Current Laboratory:
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

  1. Stapleton JT, Gillman MW. Hypoglycemic coma due to norpace toxicity. S Med J 76:1453, 1983.
  2. Stapleton JT, Stamm LV, Bassford PJ. The potential for development of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic treponemes. Rev Infect Dis 7:S314-317, 1985.
  3. Stapleton JT , Jansen R, Lemon SM. Serum neutralizing antibody to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin and in the sera of human recipients of immune serum globulin. Gastroenterology 88:1427-1432, 1985.
  4. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Transmission of hepatitis B while monitoring blood glucose. (Letter) JAMA, 253:3250, 1985.
  5. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Delta hepatitis, a recently recognized entity. Diagnosis 7:26-35, 1985.
  6. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Neutralization escape mutants define a dominant immunogenic neutralization site on hepatitis A virus. J Virol 61:491-498, 1987.
  7. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. New insights into hepatitis A vaccine development. Infect Med 4:330-337, 1987.
  8. Schwalbe RS, Stapleton JT, Gilligan PH. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci. N Engl J Med 316:927-931, 1987.
  9. Schwalbe RS, Stapleton JT, Gilligan PH. Vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococcus. N Engl J Med 317:766-767, 1987. (letter)
  10. Stapleton JT, Britz J, Carlson JR, Folds J. A patient with AIDS and a false negative HIV Western blot. Infect Control 8:490-491, 1987.
  11. Stapleton JT, Lange DK. Trypsin sensitivity of epitopes within the Hepatitis A virus immunodominant neutralization site. In: Vaccines 88, Ginsberg H, Brown F, Lerner RA, Chanock R (eds), Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York, 1988, pp. 235-240, 1988.
  12. Ping LH, Jansen RW, Stapleton JT, Murphy PC, Cohen JI, Lemon SM. An immunodominant neutralization site residing on capsid protein VP3 of human hepatitis A virus. UCLA Symp Mol Cell Biol N Sec 84:527-537, 1988.
  13. Lemon SM, Stapleton JT, LeDuc JW, Taylor D, Marchwicki R, Binn LN: A cell culture-adapted variant of hepatitis A virus selected for resistance to neutralizing monoclonal antibody retains virulence in owl monkeys. In: Viral Hepatitis, Zuckerman AJ, ed. Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988, pp. 70-74.
  14. Stamm LV, Stapleton JT, Bassford PJ. In vitro assay to demonstrate high-level erythromycin resistance of a clinical isolate of treponema pallidum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:164-169, 1988.
  15. Mertz GJ, Jones CC, Mills J, Fife K, Lemon SM, Stapleton JT, Davis LG, Hill J, and the Acyclovir Study Group: Long-term acyclovir suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes simplex virus infection: a multicenter double-blind trial. JAMA 260:201-206, 1988.
  16. Shamsuddin H, Stapleton JT. HIV Infection: Clinical manifestations, therapy and transmission. Iowa Medicine 78:125-128, 1988.
  17. Kaplan AH, Poza-Juncal E, Shepiro R, Stapleton JT. Cure of mucormycosis in a renal transplant recipient receiving maintenance ciclosporin with maintenance of immunosuppression. Am J Nephrol 8:139-142, 1988.
  18. Ping LH, Jansen RW, Stapleton JT, Cohen JI, Lemon SM. Identification of an immunodominant antigenic site involving capsid protein VP3 of hepatitis A virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8281-8285, 1988.
  19. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Hepatitis A. In: Infectious Diseases, A Modern Treatise of Infectious Process, P.D. Hoeprich and M.C. Jordan (Eds.), 4th Edition, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Chapter 78, pp. 758-766, 1989.
  20. Balfour HH, Chase BN, Stapleton JT, Simmons RL, Fryd DS. Acyclovir prevents cytomegalovirus disease in renal allograft recipients. N Eng J Med 320:1381-1387, 1989.
  21. Stapleton JT. HIV transmission, health care workers, and media hype. (Editorial). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 10:503-504, 1989.
  22. Lemon SM, Binn LN, Marchwicki R, Murphy P, Ping L, Jansen RW, Asher LVS, Stapleton JT, Taylor D, LeDuc JW. In vivo replication and reversion to wild type of a neutralization-resistant antigenic variant of hepatitis A virus. J Infect Dis 161:7-13, 1990.
  23. Veach L, Stapleton JT. Mechanical ventilation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. Chest 97:1499-1500, 1990.
  24. Cox E, Emerson S, Lemon S, Ping L, Stapleton J, Guiler M, Feinstone S. Use of oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis to define the immunodominant neutralization antigenic site of hepatitis A virus. In: Vaccines 90, H. Ginsberg, F. Brown, R.A. Lerner, and R. Chanock (Eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Press, p. 169-173, 1990.
  25. Stapleton JT, Lange DK, LeDuc JW, Binn LN, Jansen R, Lemon SM: The role of secretory immunity in Hepatitis A virus infection. J Infect Dis 163:7-11, 1991.
  26. Hughes D, Stapleton JT. Postoperative toxic shock syndrome. Iowa Medicine 81:55-58, 1991.
  27. Stapleton JT, Rosen E, McLinden J. Detection of hepatitis A virus capsid proteins in insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses encoding the entire HAV open reading frame. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, Hollinger, F.B. ed. Williams & Wilkins, p. 50-54, 1991.
  28. Day S, Lemon S, Sharpe D, Stapleton JT, Cox E, Feinstone S, Stein L. Evaluation of the human B lymphocyte response to hepatitis A virus (HAV). In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, Hollinger, F.B. ed. Williams & Wilkins, p. 69-70, 1991.
  29. Ferguson KJ, Stapleton JT, Helms CM. Physicians' effectiveness in assessing risk for HIV infection. Arch Intern Med 151:561-564, 1991.
  30. McLinden J, Rosen E, Stapleton JT. Anti-HAV neutralizing antibodies made to antigens produced by recombinant baculoviruses. In: Vaccines 91: Modern Approaches to New Vaccines, Cold Spring Harbor Press, p. 239-244, 1991.
  31. Densen P, Stapleton JT. Is the AIDS epidemic ending? Iowa Medicine 81:167-169, 1991.
  32. Stapleton JT. Book Review of Textbook of Human Virology, Robert B. Belshe (ed.). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 12:391-392. 1991.
  33. Winokur PL, McLinden J, Stapleton JT. The hepatitis A virus polyprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus undergoes proteolytic processing and assembly into virus-like particles. J Virol 65:5029-5036, 1991.
  34. Davis KA, Stapleton JT. Migration to rural areas by HIV patients: Impact on HIV related health care delivery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 12:540-544, 1991.
  35. Stapleton JT, Frederick J, Meyer B. Hepatitis A virus attachment to cultured cell lines. J Infect Dis 164:1098-1103, 1991.
  36. Stapleton JT. Viral Hepatitis. Medical and Health Annual. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., p.342-347, 1992.
  37. Winokur PL, Stapleton JT. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis of Hepatitis A virus. Clin Infect Dis 14:580-586, 1992.
  38. Greiner TC, Mitros FA, Stapleton JT, Van Rybroeck J. Fine needle aspiration findings of the liver in a case of Q fever. Diag Cytopathol 8:181-184, 1992.
  39. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Hepatitis B transmission and capillary blood sampling devices. (letter) N Engl J Med 327:497, 1992.
  40. Ferguson K, Broek L, Stapleton J, Noormohamed S, Helms C. Addressing HIV educational needs of health care workers in low prevalence areas: Three examples. Proceedings of First Annual Meeting of AIDS Education and Training Ctrs, Los Angeles, CA, USC School of Medicine, pp 33-37, 1992.
  41. Davis KA, Cameron B, Stapleton JT. The impact of HIV patient migration to rural areas. AIDS Patient Care 6:225-228, 1992.
  42. Stapleton JT. Passive immunization against hepatitis A. Vaccine 10:S45-47, 1992.
  43. Davis KA, Ferguson KJ, Stapleton JT. Moving home to live: Migration of HIV infected persons to rural states. J Assoc Nurs AIDS Care, 3:42-47, 1992.
  44. Stapleton JT, Raina V, Winokur PL, Walters K, Klinzman D, Rosen E, McLinden JH. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of recombinant hepatitis A virus 14S and 70S particles. J Virol 67:1080-1085, 1993.
  45. Naides SJ, Howard EJ, True CA, Swack NS, Stapleton JT. Parvovirus B19 infection in HIV-1 infected individuals failing or intolerant to zidovudine therapy. J Infect Dis 168:101-105, 1993.
  46. Rosen E, Stapleton JT, McLinden J. Synthesis of immunogenic hepatitis A virus particles by recombinant baculoviruses. Vaccine 11:706-712, 1993.
  47. Lemon SM, Stapleton JT. Prevention of Hepatitis A. In: Viral Hepatitis, Zuckerman AJ, Thomas HC, eds. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p. 61-79, 1993.
  48. Bittleman D, Stapleton J, Casale T. Report of successful desensitization to itraconazole. J Allergy Clin Immunol 94:270-71, 1994.
  49. Naides SJ, Howard EJ, True CA, Swack NS, Stapleton JT. Parvovirus B19 in HIV infected individuals. (letter) J Infect Dis 169:939-940, 1994.
  50. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E. In: Infectious Diseases, A Modern Treatise of Infectious Process, P.D. Hoeprich, M.C. Jordan, A.R. Ronald (Eds.), 5th Edition, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, pp 790-800, 1994.
  51. Stapleton JT , McLinden JH, Rosen E. Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine. United States Patent No. 5,294,548.
  52. Cederna JB, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, eds., 6th ed., ASM Press, New York, pp 1025-1032, 1995.
  53. Stapleton, JT. Host immune response to Hepatitis A virus. J Infect Dis 171:S9-14, 1995.
  54. Sylwester A, Shutt D, Wessels D, Stapleton JT, Stites J, Kennedy R, Soll DR. T cells and HIV-induced T cell syncytia exhibit the same motility cycle. Journal of Leuk Biol 57:643-650, 1995.
  55. Schmidt WM, Klinzman D, LaBrecque DR, Macfarlane DE, Stapleton JT. Direct detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA from whole blood, and comparison with HCV RNA in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Med Virol 47:153-160, 1995.
  56. Schutt DC, Stapleton JT, Kennedy RC, Soll DR. HIV-induced syncytia in peripheral blood cell cultures crawl by extending giant pseudopods. Cell Immunol 166:261-274, 1995.
  57. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. New vaccines against hepatitis A. In: New Generation Vaccines, M.R. Levine, G.C.Woodrow, J.B. Kaper, G.S.Cobon, eds. Second Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, pp 571-585, 1997.
  58. Han J-Q, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A through G. Medical and Health Annual. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Bernstein E, ed., pp 235-239, 1997.
  59. Schmidt WN, Wu P, Han, JQ, Perino MJ, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in whole blood and blood cell fractions: Plasma HCV RNA analysis underestimates circulating viral load. J Infect Dis. 176:20-27, 1997.
  60. Schmidt WN, Wu P, Cederna J, Mitros FA, LaBrecque DL, Stapleton JT. Surreptitious Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection detected in the majority of patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and negative HCV antibody tests. J Infect Dis. 176:27-33, 1997.
  61. Han J-Q, Stapleton JT. Assay of amino acid mutagenesis in hepatitis A virus cellular receptor binding region. Virologica Sinica 12:239-243, 1997.
  62. Han J-Q, Schmidt WN, Wu P, Loh P-M, Neil G, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Specific binding of hepatitis C virus to the Fc fragment of IgG molecules. Virolgica Sinica 12:244-247, 1997.
  63. Cook,RT, Stapleton JT, Fein G, Shearer GM. Symposium: Alcohol and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res. 20(supplement 8):210A-215A. 1997.
  64. Li F, Cook RT, Rasmussen W, Stapleton JT, Ballas Zk. Ethanol and natural killer cells. II. Stimulation of human natural killer activity by ethanol in vitro. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res. 21:981-987, 1997.
  65. Cook R, Stapleton JT, Ballas Z, Klinzman D. Effects of a single ethanol exposure on HIV replication in human lymphocytes. J Investig Med. 45:265-271, 1997.
  66. Hammer SM, Squires KE, Hughes MD, Grimes JM, Demeter LM, Currier JS, Eron JJ, Feinberg JE, Balfour HH, Deyton LR, Chodakewitz JA, Fischl MA, and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team (including Stapleton JT) A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. N Engl J Med. 337:725-733. 1997
  67. Wünschmann S, Vallbracht A, Flehmig B, Winokur P, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Cytolytic T lymphocyte epitopes are present on hepatitis A virus structural proteins. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, eds. Rizzetto M, Purcell RH,k Gerin JL, and Verme G. Edizioni Minerva Medica. Turin. pp. 51-54, 1997.
  68. Han J-Q, Schmit WN, Wu P, Loh P, Neil G, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Specific binding of hepatitis C virus to the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin molecules. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, eds. Rizzetto M, Purcell RH,k Gerin JL, and Verme G. Edizioni Minerva Medica. Turin. pp. 228-231, 1997.
  69. Lemon SM, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A Virus: Prevention. In: Viral Hepatitis, Zuckerman AJ, Thomas HC, eds. 2 nd Edition, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p. 63-76, 1998.
  70. Fineberg JE, Hurwitz Sh, Cooper D, Sattler FR, MacGregor RR, Powderly W, Holland GN, Griffiths PD, Pollard RB, Youle M, Gill MJ, Holland FJ, Power ME, Owens S, Coakley D, Fry J, Jacobson MA, and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 204/Glaxo Wellcome 123-014 International CMV Prophylaxis Study Group (including Stapleton JT). A randomized, double-blind trial of valaciclovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 177:48-56, 1998.
  71. LaBrecque FD, LaBrecque DR, Klinzman D, Perlman S, Cederna JB, Winokur PL, Han J-Q, Stapleton JT. Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Antigen: Improved Production and Utility in Diagnostic Immunoassays. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2014-2018, 1998.
  72. Stapleton JT, Han J-Q, Schmidt WN, and LaBrecque DR. Hepatitis C Virus Fc Binding Domain. United States Patent No. 5,846,735, 1998.
  73. Shutt DC, Jenkins LM, Carolan EJ, Stapleton J, Daniels KJ, Kennedy RC, Soll DR. T cell syncytia induced by HIV release T cell chemoattractants: demonstration with a newly developed single cell chemotaxis chamber. J Cell Sci., 111:99-109, 1998
  74. Xiang, JH, Klinzman D, McLinden J, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Gish R, Stapleton JT. Characterization of Hepatitis G Virus (GB-C Virus) Particles: Evidence for a Nucleocapsid and Expression of Sequences Upstream of the E1 Protein. J Virol. 72:2738-2744, 1998.
  75. Schmidt WN, Wu P, Brashear D, Klinzman D, Perino-Phillips MJ, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Effect of Interferon therapy on hepatitis C virus in RNA Whole Blood, Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Hepatology 28:1110-1116, 1998.
  76. Noormohamed SE, Katseres JK, Stapleton JT. Poor correlation between published methods to predict creatinine clearance and measured creatinine clearance in asymptomatic HIV infected individuals. Renal Failure 20: 20:627-633, 1998.
  77. Havlir DV, Marschner IC, Hirsch MS, Collier AC, Tebas P, Bassett RL, Ioannidis JPA, Holohan MK, Leavitt R, Goone G, Richman DD and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 343 Team (including Stapleton JT). Maintenance antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected subjects with undetectable plasma HIV RNA after triple-drug therapy. N Engl J Med 339:1261-8, 1998.
  78. Xiang J, Daniels KJ, Soll DR, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Visualization and Characterization of GB Virus – C Particles: Evidence for a Nucleocapsid. J. Viral Hep. 6:S16-22, 1999.
  79. Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A: Biology, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Description, and Diagnosis. In: Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention. Steven Spector, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. pp.7-33, 1999.
  80. Xiang, JH, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, eds., 7th ed., ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp.1014-1024, 1999.
  81. George S, Stapleton JT. Status of Viral Hepatitis Vaccines. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 21:113-118, 1999.
  82. Herman RA, Noormohamed S, Hirankarn S, Shelton, Huang E, Gene D. Morse GD, Hewitt RG, Stapleton JT. Comparison of a Neural Network Approach with Five Traditional Methods for Creatinine Clearance Prediction in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Pharmcotherapy, 19:734-740, 1999.
  83. El-Sadr WM, Murphy RL, Yurik TM, Luskin-Hawk R, Cheung TW, Balfour HH, Eng R, Hooton TM, Kerkering TM, Schutz M, van der Horst C, Hafner R and the Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (including Stapleton JT). Atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii peneumonia in patients with HIV infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. N Engl J Med. 339:1889-1895, 1999.
  84. George SL, Swindells S, Knudson R, Stapleton JT. Unexplained Thrombosis in HIV Infected Patients Receiving Protease Inhibitors: Report of Seven Cases. Am. J. Med. 107:624-630, 1999
  85. Stapleton JT, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Pfaller MA, Wu P, LaBrecque DR, Han J-Q, Perino-Phillips MJ, Woolson R, Alden B. Prospective Comparison of Whole Blood- and Plasma-Based Hepatitis C Virus RNA Detection Systems: Improved Detection Using Whole Blood as the Source of Viral RNA. J. Clin. Micro. 37:484-489, 1999.
  86. Cederna, JB, Klinzman D, Stapleton, JT. Hepatitis A virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses following immunization with a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. Vaccine, 18:892-898, 2000.
  87. Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT, LaBrecque DR, Mitros FA, Kirby PA, Phillips MJ, Brashear DL. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cryoglobulinemia: Analysis of whole blood and plasma HCV-RNA concentrations and correlation with liver histology. Hepatology 31:737-744, 2000.
  88. Wünschmann S and Stapleton JT. Fluorescence-based quantitative methods for detecting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-induced syncytia. J Clin Micro. 38:3055-3060, 2000.
  89. Xiang J, Wünschmann S, Schmidt WN, Shao J, Stapleton JT. Full-length GB virus C (Hepatitis G Virus) RNA transcripts are infectious in primary CD4 positive T cells. J. Virol. 74:9125-9133, 2000.
  90. Wünschmann S, Medh J, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT. Characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV E2 interactions with CD81 and the low density lipoprotein receptor. J. Virol. 74:10055-10062, 2000.
  91. Vargas K, Messer SA, Pfaller M, Lockhart S, Stapleton JT, Hellstein J, Soll DR. Elevated switching and drug resistance of Candida from HIV-Positive individuals prior to thrush. J. Clin. Micro. 38:3595-3607, 2000.
  92. Xiang J, Wuenschmann S, Diekema D, Klinzman DJ, Patrick KD, George SL, Stapleton JT. Effect of CoInfection with GB Virus C on Survival Among Patients with HIV Infection. N.Engl.J.Med. 345:707-714, 2001.
  93. Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT. Whole-Blood Hepatitis C Virus RNA Extraction Methods (letter). J. Clin. Micro. 39:3812, 2001.
  94. Stapleton JT. GB Virus C Delays Mortality in HIV-Infected Individuals. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 56:111-113. 2002.
  95. George S, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Patrick K, Alden B, Pfaller MA, Stapleton JT. Antibody negative HCV infection in HIV positive individuals. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Liang TJ, Dienstag JL eds., International Medical Press. London, p 357-361, 2002.
  96. Xiang J, Wünschmann S, Schmidt WN, Shao J, Stapleton JT. In vitro replication of aGB Virus C infectious clone. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Liang TJ, Dienstag JL eds., International Medical Press. London, p 464-468, 2002.
  97. Stapleton JT , Diekema DJ, Xiang J. GB virus C and mortality from HIV infection. (letter) N.Engl.J.Med. 346:378. 2002.
  98. Stapleton JT, Xiang J, George S, Klinzman D. Evidence for delayed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression in HIV-GB virus C co-infected individuals. In: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Liang TJ, Dienstag JL eds., International Medical Press. London, p 469-472, 2002.
  99. Ullrich PM, Lutgendorf SK, Stapleton, J. Social constraints and depression in HIV infection: Effects of sexual orientation and area of residence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 211:47-66. 2002.
  100. Kresina TF, Flexner CW, Sinclair J, Correia MA, Stapleton JT, Adeniyi-Jones S, Cargill V, Cheever LW. Alcohol Use and HIV Pharmacotherapy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retro. 18:757-770, 2002.
  101. Xiang J, Wünschmann S, Schmidt WN, George S, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Recombinant hepatitis C virus-like particles expressed by baculovirus: Utility in cell-binding and antibody detection assays. J.Med.Virol. 68:537-543, 2002.
  102. George SL, Gephardt J, Klinzman D, Foster MB, Patrick KD, Schmidt WN, Alden B, Pfaller MA, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia in HIV-infected individuals with negative HCV antibody tests. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 31:154-162, 2002.
  103. George SL, Wünschmann S, McCoy J, Xiang J, Stapleton JT. Interactions between GB Virus type C (also known as hepatitis G virus) and HIV. Current Infectious Disease Reports 4:550-558, 2002.
  104. Brown EA and Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH, eds., 8th ed., ASM Press, Washington, DC, p. 1452-1463, 2003.
  105. Ullrich PM, Lutgendorf SK, Stapleton JT. Concealment of homoseual identity, social support and CD4 cell count among HIV-seropositive gay men. J Psychosomatic Res. 54:205-212, 2003.
  106. Stapleton JT. Hepatic and Pancreatic Diseases in HIV Infection. In: Approach Towards Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Its Related Complications. Singh N, Shafer RW, and Swindells S, eds., ESUN Technologies, Pittsburgh. Online Text at: www.antimicrobe.org. 2003. Condensed chapter in HIV Clinical Manual, pp. 181 – 213, 2003.
  107. Stapleton JT. GB Virus type C/Hepatitis G Virus. Seminars in Liver Disease. 23:137-148. 2003.
  108. Polgreen PM, Putz D, Stapleton JT. Inaccurate glycosylated hemoglobin A1C measurements in HIV-positive patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Infect. Dis. 37:e53-56, 2003.
  109. Polgreen P, Xiang J, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C – HIV Co-Infection. Microbes and Infection. 5:1255-1261, 2003.
  110. George S, Xiang J, Stapleton JT . Clinical isolates of GB virus type C vary in their ability to persist and replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Virology. 316:191-201, 2003.
  111. Williams CF, Klinzman D, Yamashita T, Xiang J, Polgreen PM, Rinaldo C, Liu C, Phair J, Margolick JB, Zdunek D, Hess G, Stapleton JT. Persistent GB virus C infection and survival in HIV-infected men. N.Engl.J.Med., 350:981-990, 2004.
  112. Kim SJ, Jang MH, Stapleton JT, Yoon SO, Jeon ES, and Hong HJ. Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Hepatitis A Virus Recovered by Phage Display. Virology. 318:598-607, 2004.
  113. Weintraub A, Hamilton JD, Hahn C, Klinzman D, Moyo G, Zdunek D, Hess G, Benjamin DK, Stapleton JT. Active or Prior GB Virus C Infection Does Not Protect Against Vertical Transmission of HIV in Co-Infected Women from Tanzania. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38:e46-48, 2004.
  114. Klinzman D, Katz L, George SL, Chang Q, Xiang J, Zdunek D, Hess G, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. GB virus C/hepatitis G virus: Does clearance of viremia differ based on mode of transmission? In: 11 th:International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, p 488-90. Jilbert AR, Grgacic EVL, Vickery K, Burrl CJ, Cossart EE, eds. Australian Center for Hepatitis Virology, publisher. Melbourne, 2004.
  115. Xiang J, George SL, Wünschmann S, Chang Q, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. . GB virus C/hepatitis G virus: In vivo and in vitro beneficial interactions with HIV. In: 11 th:International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, p 494-496. Jilbert AR, Grgacic EVL, Vickery K, Burrl CJ, Cossart EE, eds. Australian Center for Hepatitis Virology, publisher. Melbourne, 2004.
  116. Stapleton JT, Williams CF, Xiang J. GB Virus C: A beneficial infection? J.Clin.Micro. 42:3915-3919, 2004.
  117. Polgreen PM, Fultz SL, Justice AC, Wagner JH, Diekema DJ, Rabeneck L, Weissman S, Stapleton JT. Association of Hypocholesterolemia With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
    in HIV Infected People. HIV Med. 5:144-150, 2004.
  118. Ullrich PM, Lutgendorf SK, Stapleton JT, Horowitz M. Self Regard and Concealment of Homosexuality as Predictors of CD4+ Cell Count Over Time Among HIV Seropositive Gay Men. Psychology & Health. 19:183-196, 2004.
  119. Xiang J, George SL, Wünschmann S, Chang Q, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. GB virus C infection inhibits HIV-1 replication by increasing RANTES, MIP-1 a, MIP-1 b, and SDF-1. Lancet, 363:2040-2046, 2004.
  120. Stapleton JT , Schmidt WN, Katz L. Serongegative hepatitis C virus infection, not just RNA detection. J Infect Dis. 190:651-652, 2004.
  121. Stapleton JT, Williams CF, Xiang J. GB virus C and HIV interactions (letter). N.Engl.J.Med., 350:2618,2004, 2004.
  122. Stapleton JT, Chaloner K. GB Virus C and survival in HIV-positive people. AIDS. 18:2343-2344, 2004.
  123. Talbot TR, Stapleton JT, Brady RC, Winokur PL, Bernsteing DI, Germanson T, Yoder SM, Rock MT, Crowe JR. JE, Edwards KM. Vaccination success rate and reaction profile with diluted and undiluted smallpox vaccine: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:1205-1212, 2004.
  124. Chung RT, Andersen J, Volberding P, Robbins GK, Liu T, Sherman KE, Peters MG, Koziel MJ, Bhan AK, Alston B, Colquhoun D, Nevin T, Harb G, van der Horst C, and AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5071 Study Team (including Stapleton JT). Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus ribavirin versus interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-coinfected persons. N.Engl.J.Med., 351:451-459, 2004.
  125. Stapleton JT, Chaloner K, Williams CF. GB virus C and survival in the Amsterdam Cohort Study. J Infect Dis. 191:2157-2158. 2005.
  126. Xiang J, Martinez-Smith C, Gale Jr. M, Chang Q, LaBrecque DR, Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT. GB Virus type C NS5A sequence polymorphisms: Association with interferon susceptibility and inhibition of PKR-mediated eIF-2 a phosphorylation. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 25:261-270, 2005.
  127. Schuval S, Lindsey JC, Stapleton JT , Van Dyke RB, Palumbo P, Mofenson LM, Oleske JM, Cervia J, Kovacs A, Dankner WN, Smith E, Nowak B, Ciupak G, Webb N, Eagle M, Smith D, Hennessey R, Goodman-Kerkau M, Klinzman D, Hess G, Zdunek D, Levin MJ; the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 1028S Team. GB Virus C Infection in Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24:417-422, 2005.
  128. Stapleton, JT. GBV-C Coinfection and prolonged survival in HIV: The questions persist (editorial). Clinical Care Options: HIV. Online journal, May 25, 2005.
  129. Bisson G, Strom B, Gross R, Weissman D, Klinzman D, Hwang W-T, Kostman J, Hess G, Zdunek D, Metzger D, Stapleton JT, Frank I. Effect of GB virus C viremia on HIV acquisition and HIV set-point. AIDS. 19:1910-1912, 2005.
  130. Xiang J, Sathar MA, McLinden J, Klinzman D, Chang Q, Stapleton JT. South African GB virus C isolates: Interactions between genotypes 1 and 5 GBV-C isolates and the human immunodeficiency virus. J. Infect. Dis. 192:2147-2151, 2005.
  131. George SL, Varmaz D, Stapleton JT. GB virus C replicates in primary T and B lymphocytes. J. Infect. Dis. 193:451-454, 2006.
  132. Souza IE, Zhang W, Diaz RS, Chaloner K, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Effect of GB Virus C on response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected Brazilians. HIV Med 7:25-31, 2006.
  133. --------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
  134. Zhang W, Chaloner K, Tillmann HL, Williams CF, Stapleton JT. Effect of early and late GBV-C viremia on survival of HIV infected individuals: a meta-analysis. HIV Med, 7:173-180, 2006.
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Abstracts

  1. Stapleton JT, Stamm LV, Bassford PJ: The potential for the development of antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic treponemes. Fogarty International Center Symposium: Yaws and other endemic treponematoses, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC. March, 1984.
  2. Lemon SM, Stapleton JT, Jansen R. Serum Neutralizing antibody to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin (ISG) and in ISG recipients. Presented at 24 th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington DC, 1984.
  3. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Selection of neutralization-resistant hepatitis A virus (HAV) mutants. Presented at the American Society of Virology Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, July 23, 1985.
  4. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Plaque purification and preliminary characterization of neutralization resistant hepatitis A virus variants. Presented at the 25 th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Minneapolis, MN, 1985.
  5. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM: Neutralization epitopes of Hepatitis A virus. Presented at the + Stranded RNA Virus Symposium, Keystone, CO, April, 1986 and published in J. Cell Biochem, Sup. 10D, p. 299, 1986.
  6. Stapleton JT, Lemon SM. Neutralization escape mutants define a single immunodominant neutralization site on hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis Scientific Memorandum, H-2306, p. 127, December, 1986.
  7. Lemon SM, Stapleton JT, Jansen R. A single dominant neutralization immunogenic site on hepatitis A virus is defined by virus variants resistant to monoclonal antibody-mediated neutralization. Presented at the US/Japan Symposia on Viral Hepatitis. Williamsburg, VA March 6, 1986.
  8. Schwabe RS, Stapleton JT, Gilligan PH. In Vitro selection of vancomycin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci. Presented at the American Society of Microbiology National Meeting, Washington DC, March 1986.
  9. Stapleton JT, Lange DK. Trypsin sensitivity of the hepatitis A virus immunodominant neutralization site. Presented at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory meeting, “Modern Approaches to Vaccine Development, Including AIDS.” September, 1987.
  10. Stapleton JT, LeDuc JW, Binn LN, Lemon SM. Lack of neutralizing activity in fecal extracts following experimental hepatitis A virus infection in man and owl monkey. Presented at the 27 th Interscience conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New York, NY, October, 1987 and published in J Med Virol 22:17-18, 1987.
  11. Lemon SM, Stapleton JT, LeDuc JW, Taylor D, Marchwicki R, Binn LN. A cell culture-adapted variant of hepatitis A virus selected for resistance to neutralizing monoclonal antibody retains virulence in owl monkeys. J Med Virol 22:16-17, 1987.
  12. Stapleton JT, Lange DK. Protease sensitivity of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunodominant neutralization antigenic site. Clin Res 36:849A, 1988.
  13. Stapleton JT, Naides S, Lange D. Combined immunoaffinity - nucleic acid hybridization for human parvovirus (HPV). Clin Res 35:860A, 1987.
  14. Stapleton JT, Lange DK. Protease sensitivity of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunodominant neutralization antigenic site. Clin Res 36:849A, 1988.
  15. Stapleton JT. Murine humoral response to hepatitis A virus is strain and T cell dependent. Presented at 28 th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Los Angeles, CA )ctober 24, 1988.
  16. Stapleton JT, Frederick J. Interaction of hepatitis A virus with a specific cellular receptor. Clin Res 37:911A, 1989.
  17. Shamsuddin HH, Stoltzfus CM, Swack N, Stapleton JT. Multiple HIV-1 envelope mRNA's detected by polymerase chain amplification (PCR). Clin Res 37:911A, 1989.
  18. Jones DP, Stapleton JT, Wyatt RJ, Stapleton FB. Hepatitis B associated membranous glomerulopathy: Beneficial effect of alpha interferon therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 3:C174, 1989.
  19. Winokur PL, Perlman S, McLinden J, Stapleton JT. Expression of antigenic hepatitis A virus capsid proteins in a recombinant vaccinia vector. Presented at 1990 International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 4-8, 1990.
  20. Stapleton JT, Davis KA. Migration to rural areas by HIV patients: Impact on HIV related health care delivery. Program and Abstracts, 6th International Conference on AIDS, Vol. 2, p 438 (3147), San Francisco, CA, June 1990.
  21. Winokur PL, McLinden JH, Stapleton JT. A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the hepatitis A virus open reading frame exhibits viral protein processing and assembly. Clin Res 38:846A, 1990.
  22. Winokur PL, McLinden JH, Stapleton JT. Primary processing of the hepatitis A virus polyprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus. Clin Res 39:215A, 1991.
  23. McLinden J, Winokur P, Stapleton J, Rosen E. HAV empty capsids expressed by recombinant baculoviruses and vaccinia viruses. Presented at the Joint Meeting of the Hepatitis Panels, US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, May 16-17, 1991.
  24. Rosen E, Stapleton J, McLinden J. Processing of HAV P1 precursor requires 3CD. Presented at the American Society for Virology 10th Annual Meeting, July, 1991.
  25. Naides SJ, Howard EJ, Swack NS, Stapleton JT. Parvovirus B19 infection in HIV-1 infected individuals failing or intolerant to zidovudine therapy. Programs and Abstracts, 7th International Conference on AIDS, Vol 1, p. 280 (MB2394), Florence, Italy, June, 1991.
  26. Davis KA, Cameron B, Stapleton JT. Migration to rural areas by HIV patients: Impact on health care utilization and implications for nursing. Presented at the 4th Annual Conference, November 7-9, 1991, New Orleans, LA.
  27. Winokur PL, McLinden J, Stapleton JT. Characterization of primary processing of the HAV polyprotein expressed by vaccinia virus. Presented at Europic '91, VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Canterbury, England, August 24-30, 1991.
  28. Stapleton JT , Winokur PL, Rosen E, McLinden JH. Evaluation of Hepatitis A virus particles expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Presented at Europic '91, VIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Canterbury, England, August 24-30, 1991.
  29. Stapleton JT, et al. The role of secretory immunity in hepatitis A infection. Clinical Digest series (1992).
  30. Vavro CL, Stapleton JT, Swack N, Slade DE, St. Clair MH. Reduced sensitivity of AZT and ddI in HIV clinical isolates. Presented at 8th International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam, July 1992.
  31. Davis KA, Ferguson KJ, Stapleton JT. Moving home to live: Migration of HIV infected persons to rural states. Submitted, Fifth Annual Conference, ANAC, November 11-14, 1992.
  32. Stapleton JT, Rosen E, Klinzman D, Cederna J, McLinden J. Evaluation of the hepatitis A virus 1D + 2A protein (PX) expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Presented at Third International Positive Strand RNA Symposium, September 19-24, 1992.
  33. Cederna JB, McLinden JH, Stapleton JT. Preliminary characterization of the hepatitis A virus 3CD protease. Clin Res 40:718A, 1992.
  34. Stapleton JT , Rosen E, Winokur PL, Klinzman D, McLinden JH. Immunogenicity of hepatitis A virus proteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Clin Res 40:701A, 1992.
  35. Slade DE, Vavro DL, Stapleton JT, Swack N, St Clair MH. A novel mutation at codon 215 of HIV reverse transcriptase. Presented: 9th International AIDS Conference, Berlin, 1993.
  36. Stapleton JT , Rosen E, Klinzman D, and McLinden J. Protease digestion of hepatitis A virus proteins present in recombinant subviral particles. 8th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, May 10-14,1993, Tokyo, Japan.
  37. Stapleton JT, Rosen E, McLinden J, Mihalik K, Feinstone S. Immunogenicity of Recombinant 70S Hepatitis A Virus Particles in Chimpanzees. 8th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, May 10-14,1993, Tokyo, Japan.
  38. Stapleton JT , Rosen E, McLinden J, Klinzman D, Mihalik K,and Feinstone S. Immunogenicity of recombinant 70S hepatitis A virus particles in chimpanzees. 8th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, May 10-14,1993, Tokyo, Japan.
  39. Stapleton JT , Winokur P, Klinzman D, McLinden J, Rosen E. Murine immune response to hepatitis A virus structural proteins and subviral particles expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. 8th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, May 10-14,1993, Tokyo, Japan.
  40. Slade DE, Vavro CL, Stapleton JT, Swack N, and St Clair MH. Acysteine at codon 215 of HIV RT confers resistance to DDC. Presented: Antiviral Resistance Symposium, Netherlands, June, 1993.
  41. Cederna JB, McLinden JH, Stapleton JT. Expression of the Hepatitis A virus predicted P1+2A protein by recombinant vaccinia virus. IXth International Congress of Virology, Glasgow, Scotland, August, 1993.
  42. Swack N, Ramirez M, Berberich S, Stapleton, J. Quantitative Determination of HIV-1 p24 antigen in HIV antibody positive sera following alkaline dissociation of immune complexes. 93rd meeting of the American Society of Microbiology; May, 1994.
  43. Stapleton, JT. Host Immune Response to Hepatitis A Virus. Presented at the Havrix Investigators Symposium, Marco Island, FL. February 4, 1994.
  44. Bittleman DB, Stapleton J, Casale T. Successful desensitization to itraconazole. Ann Allergy 72:76, 1994.
  45. Ramirez M, Swack N, Berberich S, Stapleton J. Improved detection of HIV antigen following alkaline dissociation of immune complexes. Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratories Retrovirus Meeting, Reno, Nevada. March, 1994.
  46. Cederna JB, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis A virus specific cellular immune responses following immunization with an inactivated vaccine. Annual Interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy; Orlando, FL October 6, 1994.
  47. Schmidt W, Klinzman D, LaBrecque D, Macfarlane D, Stapleton J. Detection of hepatitis C virus in whole peripheral blood or plasma using catrimox-14 surfactant to isolate RNA. 2nd International Conference on Hepatitis C and related Viruses; San Diego, August 3, 1994.
  48. Schmidt W, Klinzman D, Macfarlane D, LaBrecque D, Stapleton J. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in whole blood, plasma, and peripheral blood lymphocytes with catrimox-14 surfactant and reverse transcriptase PCR. AASLD Abstract #581, Hepatology 20:242A, 1994.
  49. Schmidt W, Ping W, Cederna J, LaBrecque D, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis C virus RNA detection in patients with non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. Presented at the 35th ICAAC, September, 1995, San Francisco, CA.
  50. Han JQ, Schmidt W, W Ping, LaBrecque D, Loh PM, Neil G, Stapleton JT. Antibody captures HCV RNA-containing complexes from human sera. Presented at the 35th ICAAC, September, 1995, San Francisco, CA.
  51. Han JQ, Stapleton JT. Mutations of Hepatitis A virus VP1 alter in vitro replication. Presented at the 35th ICAAC, September, 1995, San Francisco CA.
  52. Stapleton JT, Klinzman D, Ballas Z, Cook R. Effects of acute alcohol ingestion on HIV-1 replication in vitro. Presented at the 35th ICAAC, September ,1995, San Franciso CA.
  53. Balter S, Hilsenrath P, Stapleton JT. Cost analysis of CT vs MRI neuroimaging for screening for CNS disease in AIDS. Presented at the 35th ICAAC, September, 1995, San Francisco Ca.
  54. Schmidt W, Wu P, Perino MJ, LaBrecque D, Stapleton J. Temporal changes in the distribution of hepatitis C virus RNA whole blood, plasma, and periperhal blood mononuclear cells during interferon treatment. ASLD Abstract #252, Hepatology 22:169A, 1995.
  55. Wunschmann S, Vallbracht A, Flehmig B, Winokur PL, Stapleton JT. Cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes are present on hepatitis A virus (HAV) structural proteins. Presented at the IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 21-25, 1996, Rome Italy.
  56. Schmidt WN, Wu P, Han JQ, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Whole blood HCV RNA assay identifies a major, previously unrecognized reservoir of virus. Presented at the IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 21-25, 1996, Rome Italy.
  57. Han JQ, Schmidt WM, Wu P, LaBrecque DR, Loh PM, Neil G, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis C virus binds to the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin. Presented at the IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 21-25, 1996, Rome Italy.
  58. Cederna JB, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine elicits HAV-specific T cell proliferation. Presented at the IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 21-25, 1996, Rome Italy.
  59. Kozal M, Leahy N, Ross J, Swack N, Stapleton J. Prevalence of protease inhibitor (PRI) and reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) drug-resistance mutations in a rural Iowa HIV+ population: Implications for treatment. Oral Presentation, 4 th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, January, 1997, Washington, DC.
  60. Xiang J, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Gish R, Stapleton JT. Biophysical Characterization of Hepatitis G Virus. 97 th American Society of Microbiology General Meeting. May 6, 1997.
  61. LaBrecque FD, Labrecque DR, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Use of recombinant hepatitis A virus antigen in diagnostic immunoassays. American Gastroenterological Association and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. May 11, 1997.
  62. Schmidt WN, Wu P, Brashear D, Klinzman D, Perino-Phillips MJ, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Effect of Interferon therapy on hepatitis c virus rna in Whole Blood, Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. 48 th ASLD meeting. Hepatology 26:310A, 1997.
  63. Stapleton JT, McCoy J, Wessels D, Klinzman D, Daniels K, Shutt D, Carolyn E, Soll DR. HIV infected CD4+ syncytia are commonly found in the peripheral blood of HIV infected individuals. Abstract 21111; Conference Record, 12 th World AIDS Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, June 28-July 3, 1998.
  64. Stapleton JT, Cook RT, Klinzman D, Katseres J, Pfaller M, Alden B. The effects of controlled ethanol ingestion on HIV RNA levels and CD4 counts in HIV positive subjects. Abstract 60159; Conference Record, 12 th World AIDS Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, June 28-July 3, 1998.
  65. George S, Swindells S, Knudson R, Stapleton JT. Thromboembolic disease associated with initiation of protease inhibitor therapy. Abstract 60160; Conference Record, 12 th World AIDS Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, June 28-July 3, 1998.
  66. Kozal M, Leahy N, Hanrahan J, Swack N, Stapleton JT. Genotypic analysis of HIV-1 pol genes from drug-naïve patients presenting to clinic between 1993-1998 and drug-experienced patients failing antiretroviral combination therapy with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. 2 nd International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies. Lake Maggiore, Italy, June 24-27, 1998.
  67. Xiang J, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Phillips MJP, Stapleton JT. Sexual or Household Transmission of Hepatitis G Virus (GB Virus C) and Hepatitis C Virus Presented at ICAAC, San Diego, CA. September 29, 1998.
  68. Xiang J, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis G Virus (GBV-C) Full Length Nucleotide Sequence of a Midwest Isolate and Comparison with Geographically Diverse HGV. Presented at ICAAC, San Diego, CA. September 29, 1998.
  69. Stapleton JT, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Ping W, LaBrecque DR, Woolson RF, Pfaller M, Alden B. Increased Sensitivity of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA Detection in Whole Blood: Prospective Comparison with Commercial HCV RNA Tests. Presented at ICAAC, San Diego, CA. September 29, 1998.
  70. Daniels KJ, Schutt DC, Stapleton JT, Wood A, McCoy J, Wessels D, Carolan EJ, Jenkins LM, Soll DR. HIV-Induced Giant Cells - Seducers and Destroyers. The 38 th American Society for Cell Biology Annual Meeting. p. 1-2, December 12-16, 1998.
  71. Ullrich P, Lutgendorf, Stapleton J. HIV in metro and non-metro settings: Depression, functioning and social networks. Submitted to the American Pyschosomatic Society National Meetings, October, 1998.
  72. Schmidt W, Stapleton J, LaBrecque D, Mitros F, Kirby P, Perino-Phillips MJ, Brashear D. Assessment of liver pathology and hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood of patients with and without cryoglobulinemia. American Gastroenterological Association and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. May, 1999.
  73. Taylor S, Brashear D, Hershberger J, Swift J, Perino Phillips MJ, Voigt M, LaBrecque D, Stapleton J, and W Schmidt. Comparison of whole blood and National Genetics Institute (NGI) assays for Hepatitis C viral RNA in complete responders during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C. . American Gastroenterological Association and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. May, 1999.
  74. Stapleton JT , Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Brashear D. Incubation of Hepatitis C Virus with MOLT-4 Cells Allows Entry of the Translation Inhibitor a -Sarcin. IX International Symposium on HCV and related Flaviviruses. June 6-9, 1999, Bethesda, MD.
  75. George G, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT.. Characterization of HCV Isolates Obtained from Antibody-Negative Patients. IX International Symposium on HCV and related Flaviviruses. June 6-9, 1999, Bethesda, MD.
  76. Xiang J, Daniels K, Walters K, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Soll DR, Stapleton JT. Evaluation of GB Virus C Structure: Characterization of Plasma and Recombinant Virus Particles. (Oral Presentation), IX International Symposium on HCV and related Flaviviruses. June 6-9, 1999, Bethesda, MD.
  77. Para M, Conway B, Green S, Daly D, Stapleton JT, Goldman M, Wathen L, Getchel L, Greenwald C, Pietrantoni C, Freimuth W. Safety and Efficacy of Delavirdine in Combination with Zidovudine and Lamivudine: Final 52-Week Analysis. Submitted to 39 th ICAAC, San Francisco, CA. September 26-29, 1999.
  78. Jack T. Stapleton, Donna Klinzman, Sabina Wuenschmann, Paul McCray, and Brian Tack. Anti-HIV Activity of Cathelicidins: Oxygen-Independent Antimicrobial Peptides Found in the Secondary Granules of Phagocytes. 39 th ICAAC, San Francisco, CA. September 26-29, 1999.
  79. Jack T. Stapleton, Donna Klinzman, Oyebode Olakanmi, Sabina Wuenschmann, Larry Schlesinger, and Bradley Britigan. Gallium Nitrate: A Potent Inhibitor of HIV-1 Infection In Vitro. 39 th ICAAC, San Francisco, CA. September 26-29, 1999.
  80. Para M, Stapleton J, Daly P, Green P, Wathen L, Greenfield J, Conklin M, Pietrantoni C, Greenwald C, Freimuth W, Batts D. Durable Antiviral and Immunological Response with Delavirdine Combination Therapy. Submitted, 7 th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, January, 2000
  81. Xiang J, Wunschmann S, Schmidt WN, Shao J, Stapleton JT. Full-length GB Virus C (Hepatitis G Virus) RNA Transcripts are Infectious in Primary CD4 Positive T Cell Cultures. Oral Presentation, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  82. Wünschmann S, Medh JD, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT. Characterization of HCV and HCV E2 Interactions with CD81 and the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor. Presented, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  83. Brashear D, Taylor S, Xiang J, Klinzman D, LaBrecque F, Pfaller M, Alden B, LaBrecque D, Stapleton J, Schmidt W . Improved Assay for Hepatitis C Viral RNA in Whole Peripheral Blood Using Guanidinium Isothiocyanate-Phenol-Chloroform Extraction Without Cationic Surfactant. Presented, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  84. Xiang J, LaBrecque F., Schmidt WN, Klinzman D, Brashear D, LaBrecque DR, Perino Phillips MJ, Stapleton JT. Comparison of Five Whole Blood RNA Extraction Methods for Hepatitis Viruses and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Presented, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta
  85. George S, Klinzman D, Schmidt WN, Patrick K, Alden B, Pfaller M, Stapleton JT. Antibody negative HCV infection in HIV positive individuals. Oral Presentation, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  86. Stapleton JT, Xiang J, George S, Klinzman D. GBV-C infection in a midwest HIV infected Cohort. Oral presetation X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  87. Xiang J, George S, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. HBV viremia in HIV positive individuals. Presented, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  88. Xiang J, George S, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. TTV - HIV Co-infection in a midwest HIV infected cohort. Presented, X Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, April 9-14, 2000, Atlanta.
  89. George S, Wünschmann S, Xiang J, Stapleton JT. Development of an in vitro model of GBV-C + HIV replication. 7 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Gold Coast, Australia. December 3-7, 2000.
  90. Xiang J, Wünschmann S, Diekema DJ, Klinzman D, George S, Patrick K, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C interferes with HIV infection in vivo and in vitro. 7 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Gold Coast, Australia. December 3-7, 2000.
  91. Xiang J, Chang Q, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Evaluation of GB Virus C NS5A and E2 coding regions: NS5A mutations in the region corresponding to the HCV ISDR associated with interferon sensitivity. Submitted to 8 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Paris, France. September, 2001
  92. Wuenschmann S, Mueller HM, Stapleton JT. Functional differences in specificity among three anti-HCV monoclonal antibodies. Submitted to 8 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Paris, France. September, 2001
  93. Xiang J, Chang Q, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. Evaluation of GB Virus C NS5A and E2 coding regions: NS5A mutations in the region corresponding to the HCV ISDR associated with interferon sensitivity. 8 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Paris, France. September, 2001
  94. Wuenschmann S, Mueller HM, Stapleton JT. Functional differences in specificity among three anti-HCV monoclonal antibodies. 8 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Paris, France. September, 2001.
  95. Schmidt WN, Voigt M, Stapleton JT, Perion-Phillips MJ, Swift J, Hershberger J, Schrock D, Ippolito I, Geraets D, Schmid S, Wen F. Combination antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cryoglobulinemia. 8 th International Hepatitis C Virus and Related Diseases. Paris, France. September, 2001.
  96. George SL, and Stapleton JT. Different GB Virus C Replication Phenotypes Present in Individuals Coinfected with HIV and GBV-C. Retrovirus Conference, Seattle, Februrary, 2002.
  97. Xiang J, Chang Q, George SL, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C NS5A Protein: Sequence Variation in the Putative Interferon Sensitivity Determining Region (ISDR) in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Individuals. Retrovirus Conference, Seattle, February, 2002.
  98. Kozal MJ , Friedland G, Kyriakides T, Chiarella J, Concato J, Schreibman T, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT, Prevalence of HIV and GBV-C Co infection and the Likelihood of HIV Genotypic Resistance Development. Retrovirus Conference, Seattle, February, 2002.
  99. Stapleton JT, Swindells S, Polgreen PM. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with a decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia but not hyperglycemia in HIV-infected people. XIV International AIDS Meeting. Abstract ThPeC7517.. Barcelona, Spain, July 7-12, 2002.
  100. Polgreen PM, Fultz SL, Justice A, Diekema DJ, Rabeneck L, Weissman S, Stapleton JT. International AIDS Meeting. HCV infection is associated with lower levels of serum LDL and total cholesterol in HIV-positive individuals . XIV International AIDS Meeting. Abstract ThPeC7519. Barcelona, Spain, July 7-12, 2002.
  101. Wünschmann S, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 enhances human lipoprotein binding to cells. XIV International AIDS Meeting. Barcelona, Spain, July 7-12, 2002.
  102. Xiang J, Martinez-Smith C, Gale Jr. M, Chang Q, LaBrecque DR, Schmidt WN, Stapleton JT. Identification of GBV-C NS5A sequence polymorphisms that appear to alter NS5A phosphorylation and inhibit PKR mediated eIF2a phosphorylation. 9 th Intl. Meeting on HCV and related viruses. San Diego, CA July 12-16, 2002.
  103. Xiang J, Wunschmann S, George SL, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. GB Virus type C alters chemokine and cytokine gene expression during in vitro infection of peripheral blood cells (PBCs). 9 th Intl. Meeting on HCV and related viruses. San Diego, CA July 12-16, 2002.
  104. George SL, Xiang J, Stapleton JT. Unique Mutations in GB Virus C NS5A and NS5B Proteins Associated with Viral Replication in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. 40 th Annual Infectious Disease Society of America Meeting. Chicago, IL, October 25, 2002.
  105. Xiang J, George SL, Wuenschmann S, Klinzman D, and Stapleton JT. GBV-C Infection Inhibits CCR5 and CXCR4 HIV Strains, and Alters Chemokine and Cytokine Gene Expression in PBMC Cultures (oral presentation) Retrovirus Conference, 2003. Boston, MA.
  106. George SL, Katz L, Stapleton JT. GBV-C Replication in PBMC Cultures Occurs in B and T Lymphocytes, and does not Require T Cell Activation. (poster). Retrovirus Conference, 2003. Boston, MA.
  107. Klinzman D, Katz L, George SL, Chang Q, Xiang J, Zdunek D, Hess G, Schmidt WN, LaBrecque DR, Stapleton JT. GB vepatitis G virus: Does clearance of viremia differ based on mode of transmission? Oral Presentation. Xth International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Sydney, Australia, April, 2003.
  108. Xiang J, George SL, Wünschmann S, Chang Q, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Oral Presentation. Xth International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Sydney, Australia, April, 2003.
  109. Weintrob A, Hamilton J, Hahn C, Klinzman D, Moyo G, Zdunek D, Hess G, Benjamin D, Stapleton JT. Active or Prior GB Virus C Infection Does Not Protect Against Vertical Transmission of HIV in Co-Infected Women from Tanzania. (Oral presentation). ICAAC, Chicago IL, 2003.
  110. Xiang J, McLinden JH, Chang Q, Klinzman D, Polgreen P, Stapleton JT. Antibodies against GB virus C E2 protein inhibit HIV in vitro. 41 st Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Late-Breaker Oral Presentation, October 11, 2003.
  111. Schouval S., others, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C Prevalence in Perinatally-Infected HIV-positive children. PACTG Protocol 1028S STUDY TEAM, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Bethesda, MD. 41 st Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Poster Presentation, October 9-11, 2003.
  112. Polgreen PM, McLinden JH, Xiang J, Engel A, Hess G, Zdunek D, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C envelope glycoproteins: Cell binding and interactions with human anti-.E2 antibodies. 41 st Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Poster Presentation, October 9-11, 2003.
  113. Stapleton JT, Winokur PL, Cascio W, Polgreen PM, Wood T, Haynes W. Cardiovascular Risk and Smallpox Vaccination: Significant increase in C-Reactive Protein, but no decrease in endothelial resistance following vaccinia immunization. 41 st Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Poster Presentation, October 9-11, 2003.
  114. Souza IE, Zhang W, Diaz RS, Chaloner K, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Effect of GB Virus C (GBV-C) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). IDSA, Boston, MA. Sept. 28-30, 2004
  115. Talbot TR, Stapleton JT, Brady RC, Winokur PL, Bernstein D, Germanson T, Yoder SM, Rock MT, Crowe JE, Edwards KM. Randomized, double blind, multicenter clinical trial of dilutions of Aventis Pasteur smallpox vaccine. 42 nd Annual IDSA Meeting. Boston, MA. Sept. 28-30, 2004
  116. Couch RB, Black S, Edwards KM, Gordon D, Noriega F, Newon FK, Atmar RL, Shinefield H, Winokur PL, Stapleton JT. Clinical trial comparing dilutions of standard Dryvax to two lots of Aventis-Pasteur smallpox vaccine. 42 nd Annual IDSA Meeting. Boston, MA. Sept. 28-30, 2004
  117. McLinden JH, Xiang J, Engel AM, Schmitt U, Stapleton JT. Characterization of a complex epitope within a 17 amino acid linear region on GB Virus C Envelope Glycoprotein E2. 11 th International Symposium on Hepatitis C virus and related viruses. Heidelberg , Germany , 2005.
  118. Xiang J, McLinden JH, Chang Q, Klinzman D. Kaufman T, Engel AM, Hess G, Stapleton JT. The GB Virus C envelope glycoprotein E2 induces broadly reactive HIV neutralizing antibodies. 11 th International Symposium on Hepatitis C virus and related viruses. Heidelberg , Germany , 2005.
  119. Wunschmann S, Müller HM, Stipp CS, Hemler ME, Stapleton JT. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 protein interactions with human lipoproteins: Enhanced binding of HCV E2 and lipoproteins to cells requires both human CD81 and the human LDL receptor . 11 th International Symposium on Hepatitis C virus and related viruses. Heidelberg, Germany, 2005.
  120. Kaufman T, McLinden J, Xiang J, Houghton M, Engel AM, Stapleton JT. Characterization of GBV-C E2 cell binding: CD81 and the LDL receptor are not required for binding, and identification of a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes E2 binding. 11 th International Symposium on Hepatitis C virus and related viruses. Heidelberg, Germany, 2005.
  121. George SL, Varmaz D, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C (hepatitis G virus) replication in CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ PBMCs. 11 th International Symposium on Hepatitis C virus and related viruses. Heidelberg, Germany, 2005.
  122. Xiang J, McLinden J, Chang Q, Klinzman D, Kaufman T, Engel A, Hess G, Zdunek D, Stapleton J. GB Virus C Envelope Glycoprotein E2 Elicits Antibodies That Immunoprecipitate HIV Particles and Neutralize HIV Infectivity. CROI. Boston, 2005.
  123. Kaufman T, McLinden J, Xiang J, Houghton M, Engel A, Schmidt U, Stapleton J. Interaction between GB Virus C envelope glycoprotein E2 and cell lines. CROI . Boston, 2005.
  124. Xiang J, McLinden J, Chang Q, Kaufman T, Jack Stapleton J. GB Virus C NS5A protein expression decreases HIV replication in Jurkat cells. CROI . Boston, 2005.
  125. Bisson G, Stapleton J, Gross R, Hwang WT, Klinzman D, Metzger D, Weissman D, Strom B, Frank I. GB Virus C Viremia is Frequently Acquired Near HIV Seroconversion, but does not Protect against HIV Acquisition nor Lower HIV Viral Load Set Point. Retrovirus Meeting. CROI. Boston, 2005.
  126. Williams C, Allen JB, Benning L, Gange S, Anastos K, Greenblatt R, Cohen M, Levine A, Young M, Minkoff H, Stapleton JT. Prevalence, acquisition, and clearance of GB virus type C (GBV-C) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). CROI . Boston, 2005.
  127. Zhang W, Chaloner K, Tillmann HL, Williams CF, Stapleton JT. E ffect of GBV-C Infection on Survival of HIV Infected Individuals. A Meta-Analysis. German Austrian AIDS Society, March, 2005.
  128. Xiang J, Sathar MA, McLinden JH, Klinzman D, Chang Q, Souza IE, Stapleton JT. African GB Virus C genotypes (1 and 5) inhibit CCR5 and CXCR4 tropic HIV isolates in an in vitro co-infection model. International AIDS Society Meeting, July 24-27, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005.
  129. Xiang J, Chang Q, McLinden JH, Kaufman T, Stapleton JT. GB Virus C nonstructural protein NS5A expression in Jurkat cells inhibits HIV replication by decreasing CXCR4 surface density and increasing SDF-1 release. International AIDS Society Meeting, July 24-27, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005.
  130. Souza IE, Allen JB, Zhang W, Chaloner K, Diaz RS, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT. Primer selection influences GBV-C viremia detection rates and epidemiological outcomes in HIV-positive populations. International AIDS Society Meeting, July 24-27, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005.
  131. Stapleton JT, Bennett K, Bosch R, Polgreen PM, Swindells S. Hepatitis C Infection is Associated with Decreased Use of Lipid-Lowering Therapy 48 Weeks After Initiation of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in the ACTG 5001 (ALLRT) Cohort. CROI. Denver, 2006.
  132. Xiang J, McLinden JH, Chang Q, Klinzman K, Kaufman T, Montefiori DC, Engel A, Hess G, Zdunek D, Stapleton JT. Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against the GB Virus C Major Envelope Glycoprotein (E2) Neutralize HIV Infectivity Differentially in PBMCs and TZB-bl Cells. CROI. Denver, 2006.
  133. Xiang J, McLinden JH, Chang Q, Kaufman T, Stapleton JT. Deletion Mapping of the GB Virus C Nonstructural Protein 5A Identifies a 69 Amino Acid Region That is Required for Inhibition of HIV Replication in Jurkat Cells. CROI. Denver, 2006.
  134. Handelsman E, Cheng I, Thompson B, Hershow R, Mofenson L, Hollinger B, Chen KT, Burchett SK, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT, and Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS). The Impact of Maternal GBV-C Infection on Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (MTCT) in the Women and Infant Transmission Study (WITS) Cohort. CROI. Denver, 2006.
  135. McLinden JH, Chang Q, Kaufman T, Stapleton JT, Xiang J. Hepatitis C Virus and GB Viruses B and C NS5A Proteins Inhibit HIV Replication in Jurkat Cells. Oral presentation, Keystone HIV Pathogenesis Symposium. March, 2006.

Other:
1992 "Mini-sabbatical" hosted by Bertram Flehmig, M.D., Ph.D.. Department of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Virus Diseases. Eberhard-Karls-Universitat; Hygiene Institute. Tubingen, Germany. Project: Recombinant vaccinia viruses generated in my laboratory which express hepatitis A virus proteins were used to map T cell epitopes recognized by HAV specific c*ytolytic T cell clones, developed in Dr. Flehmig's laboratory. March to June, 1992.
1994 United States Patent No. 5,294,548: Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine.
1998 United States Patent No. 5,846,735, 1998: “Hepatitis C Virus Fc Binding Domain” Stapleton, Han, Schmidt, and LaBrecque.
1999 Sabbatical: 2 months hosted by Donald Smith, Ph.D. and Peter Simmonds, University of Ediburgh, 10 months with David Soll, University of Iowa. Project: HIV coinfection with HCV and or GB Virus C. Funded by VA Career Development award
2000 U.S. Patent Application Provisional SN 60/233,353: “Methods for treating human immunodeficiency virus infections with gallium compositions.” Stapleton, Schlesinger and Britigan.
2001 Full-length GB virus C (hepatitis G virus) RNA " is entered in a Protein Literature database (PRF/LITDB) under accession number 2621391 URL: http://www.prf.or.jp/
2002 US Provisional Patent Application “Efficiently replicating GB Virus C isolates”. George, Stapleton, Xiang.
2003 US Provisional Patent Application “HIV inhibitory molecules related to GB Virus C”. Stapleton, Xiang, Klinzman, McLinden.
2003 Valdez H, Mitsuyasu R, Landay A, Sevin AD, Chan ES, Srptizler J, Kalams SA, Pollard RB, Fahey J, Fox L, Namkung A, Estep S, Moss R, Sahner D, Lederman MM. Interleukin-2 increasees CD4+ lympocyte numbers but does not enhance responses to immunization: Results of A5046s. J Infect Dis 187:320-325, 2003. (Stapleton JT acknowledged for UI contribution).

2005 US Provisional Patent Application “GB Virus C NS5A inhibitory effect on HIV.” Stapleton, Xiang, McLinden, Chang.
2005 United States Patent No. 6,870,043 “Full-length GB virus C (Hepatitis G Virus) RNA transcripts are infectious in primary CD4 Positive T cells and Methods of treating HIV.” Stapleton, Xiang, Wuenschmann, and Schmidt, Granted 2005.

COMPLETED CLINICAL STUDIES (Stapleton, JT served as University of Iowa site PI):

  1. ACTG 175 - "A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II/III Trial of Monotherapy vs Combination Therapy with Nucleoside Analogues in HIV Persons with CD4 Cells ≥ 200 and ≤ 500/mm 3 "
  2. ACTG 196 - "A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Clarithromycin versus Rifabutin versus the Combination of Clarithromycin plus Rifabutin for the Prevention of Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Bacteremia or Disseminated MAC Disease in HIV-Infected Patients with CD4 Lymphocyte Counts ≤ 100 cells/mm3 "
  3. ACTG 204 - “A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Valacyclovir Hydrochloride (BW 256U87) Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Cytomegalovirus End-Organ Disease in Patients with Advanced HIV Infection (<100 CD4+ Lymphocytes)”
  4. ACTG 241 - "A Comparative Study of a Combination of Zidovudine, Didanosine, and Double-Blinded Nevirapine versus a Combination of Zidovudine and Didanosine"
  5. ACTG 244 - "A Blinded, Randomized Trial Comparing Zidovudine (ZDV) vs ZDV + Didanosine (ddI) vs ZDV + ddI + Nevirapine in Asymptomatic Patients on ZDV Monotherapy Who Develop a Mutation at Codon 215 of HIV Reverse Transcriptase in Serum/Plasma Viral RNA"
  6. ACTG 277 - “A Randomized, Comparative Study of Daily Dapsone and Daily Atovaquone for Prophylaxis Against PCT in HIV-Infected Patients Who Are Intolerant of Trimethoprim and/or Sulfonamides”
  7. ACTG 320 - “A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Indinavir (IDV) with Open-Label Zidovudine (ZDV) and Lamivudine (3TC Ô ) in Subjects with HIV Infection with CD4 Cell Counts ≤ 200/mm3 and ≥ 6 Months of Prior ZDV Experience”
  8. ACTG 323 - "A Phase IV Randomized Study of the Use of Fluconazole as Chronic Suppressive Therapy versus Episodic Therapy in HIV-Positive Subjects with Recurrent Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Version 1.0)
  9. ACTG 328 (and rollover study A5051) - "A Phase II Study of Intermittent Recombinant Human Interleukin (rhIL-2) by Intravenous or Subcutaneous Administration in Subjects with HIV Infection on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Compared to HAART Alone (Version 1.0)
  10. ACTG 343 - "A Blinded, Randomized Trial Comparing Zidovudine (ZDV) vs ZDV + Didanosine (ddI) vs ZDV + ddI + Nevirapine in Asymptomatic Patients on ZDV Monotherapy Who Develop a Mutation at Codon 215 of HIV Reverse Transcriptase in Serum/Plasma Viral RNA"
  11. ACTG 359 - "Activity of the Soft Gelatin Capsule of Saquinavir in Combination with Ritonavir or Nelfinavir and Combinations of Delavirdine, and/or Adefovir Dipivoxil in HIV Infected Subjects with Prior Indinavir Use and Viral Loads of > 2,000 and < 200,000 Copies HIV RNA/ml"
  12. ACTG 368, "A Randomized, Phase II, Placebo Controlled Trial of 159U89 in Combination with Open-Label, Indinavir Sulfate (IDV) and DMP-266 in HIV-Infected Subjects with Nucleoside Analog Experience: A Rollover Stud