Food
-
Ginseng Dietary Supplements Special Survey (CFSAN Assignments and Field Regulatory Monitoring for FY 2003 and FY 2004)
August 1, 2008
- Background
- Results
- Attachments
- EPA Tolerances and FDA Enforcement Levels for Chlorinated and Phosphorus Pesticides in Ginseng
- FY 2003 and 2004 Import Ginseng Violative Samples
- FY 2003 and 2004 Import Ginseng Samples - Non Violative
- Domestic Ginseng Violations FY 2003 and FY 2004
- FY 2003 and 2004 Domestic Ginseng Samples - Non Violative
- Violative Residues Detected - Action, Use, or Chemical Characterization
Background:
In FYs 2003 and 2004 FDA issued two field assignments covering pesticide residues in ginseng.
The first assignment, "Pesticides in Imported Bulk Ginseng and Domestic Ginseng Dietary Supplements, Division of Field Programs (DFP) Assignment # 03-01," was issued on October 4, 2002. The second assignment, "Sample Collection and Analysis of Dietary Supplement Ginseng for Pesticides, DFP # 04-25," was issued on June 8, 2004.
The FY 2004 assignment was a follow-up to the FY 2003 assignment, calling for visits to select firms to collect official samples of ginseng dietary supplements suspected of containing unlawful pesticide residues. The collection and analyses of the ginseng products for both assignments were concluded in FY 2004. In a few cases, it was difficult to determine if a particular ginseng sample was collected as part of the assignments or as part of field regulatory monitoring. Results for all import and domestic ginseng samples collected and analyzed in FYs 2003 and 2004 are contained in this report.
Ginseng is generally characterized by species. According to The American Herbal Products Association's Herbs of Commerce, 2nd Edition, the standardized common name for Panax ginseng is Asian ginseng; other common names are Chinese ginseng and Korean ginseng. The standardized common name for Panax quinquefolius is American ginseng. The standardized common name for Panax pseudoginseng Wall. var. notoginseng is Tienchi ginseng. The standardized common names and other common names refer to the species and variety and not (necessarily) to the locale where grown.
DFP Assignment 03-01 "Pesticides in Imported Bulk Ginseng and Domestic Ginseng Dietary Supplements" Issued October 4, 2002.
The stated objectives of the assignment were:
- To obtain comprehensive data on levels of pesticide residues in imported bulk ginseng and ginseng dietary supplements sold in the U.S; and
- To take appropriate regulatory action against those products that contain unlawful pesticide residues.
Import Component:
The assignment called for the collection of 60 samples of imported bulk ginseng for pesticide analysis. The samples of ginseng were to originate from Canada, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China (PROC), and the Republic of Korea. Samples were to consist of the Panax species of ginseng and to be in the following forms - dried root, ground or powdered root, liquid or powdered extracts or concentrates, or finished products shipped in bulk for re-packing in the U. S. in any form (liquid, capsules, or tablets). Imported products already packaged for retail sale were not to be collected.
Domestic Component:
The assignment also called for the collection of up to 83 products that CFSAN had previously identified as products available for purchase on the internet and marketed as dietary supplements containing a single ginseng source of Panax ginseng. The samples were requested to be purchased over the Internet, with the option of obtaining the samples at the manufacturer (if in the assigned district), or at a retail establishment.
DFP Assignment 04-25, "Sample Collection and Analysis of Dietary Supplement Ginseng for Pesticides, High Priority," Issued June 8, 2004.
The stated objectives of the assignment were:
- To visit select firms, collect official samples of domestic ginseng supplements, and analyze for unlawful pesticide residues which cause the products to be adulterated.
- To obtain documentary samples of Siberian ginseng, if the firm is marketing such products.
- To take appropriate regulatory action against those products that contain unlawful pesticide residues or are misbranded as ginseng.
Domestic Component:
Nineteen firms were identified to be covered in the assignment by 9 FDA districts (CHI-DO, DEN-DO, LOS-DO, MIN-DO, NYK-DO, NWE-DO, NWJ-DO, SAN-DO, and SEA-DO). While at the firm the district was requested to: identify and document the origin of all bulk ginseng used in finished products; collect 1 sample for pesticide residue analysis of a ginseng supplement from the largest finished lot available; and determine and document if the firm markets Siberian ginseng.
Import Component:
None.
Analytical Guidance for Ginseng Analyses (both assignments):
All samples were to be analyzed for organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides using procedures in the Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) or other appropriate methodology. All residues were requested to be identified. However, in cases where residues of a particular pesticide (e.g., quintozene) consist of multiple components, only those components that were estimated to contribute significantly to the total were to be quantitated, and a total of the combined residue was to be reported.
Attachment 1 contains a listing of EPA tolerances and FDA enforcement levels for chlorinated and phosphorus pesticides in ginseng.
Note: For this report all residues recorded by the analyzing labs as having no established tolerance, or exceeding an existing tolerance, and meeting or exceeding the limits of quantitation of the method employed were recorded as violative residues.
Regulatory Guidance:
Domestic Component (applies to both assignments):
For products containing illegal residues, FDA districts were to pursue seizures or issue Warning Letters depending on the circumstances of the lot samples (e.g., could manufacturer/distributor be located as many samples were internet purchases, were lots of seizeable size?). In several cases recalls of violative lots occurred.
Import Component (applies to DFP # 03-01):
Violative product entries were both to be detained and recommended for Detention Without Physical Examination (which would automatically detain future entries of the product unless an acceptable lab analysis for a particular entry was provided to FDA establishing entry compliance).
Results (includes all ginseng samples collected and analyzed in FYs 2003 and 2004):
Import Samples:
- Sixty-two import samples were collected and analyzed during FY 2003 and FY 2004 from the following countries of origin (country of origin as recorded on Sample Collection Record in FACTS): People's Republic of China or PROC (32); Canada (15); Hong Kong (6); Republic of Korea (3); Italy (2); and one each from Indonesia, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Taiwan.
- Of the 62 total import samples, 37 samples (60%) were classified as Lab Class 3 (Adverse Findings or "Violative"), from the following countries of origin: PROC (17), Canada (11), Hong Kong (6), and Republic of Korea (3).
- The balance of the samples (25) had laboratory classifications that were non-violative.
- Thirty-one of the samples were documented in the collection records as consisting of Panax, Asian, Chinese, or Korean Ginseng (i.e., "Panax ginseng"). Twenty of these samples (65%) were violative.
- Five of the samples were documented in the collection records as consisting of American Ginseng (i.e., "Panax quinquefolius"). Three of these samples (60%) were violative.
- Of the remaining 14 violative samples, one was documented in the collection records as consisting of "North American Ginseng;" a second as "Canadian Ginseng," and the remaining 12 did not record a species or type of ginseng.
- Of the remaining 12 non-violative samples, one was documented as "Kirin" ginseng, one as "Oriental" ginseng, and 10 did not specifically record a species or type of ginseng.
Attachment 2 is a table of FY 2003 and 2004 import ginseng violative samples listing country of origin, sample number, product description (species of ginseng and form of product), and the violative residue(s) reported for each.
Attachment 3 is a table of the FY 2003 and 2004 non-violative import ginseng samples listing country of origin, sample number, and product description (species of ginseng and form of product).
Import Violative Residue Findings:
- For the 37 violative samples, 23 different violative residues were reported (see below).
- The three most common violative residues reported were Pentachloroaniline, Quintozene, and Pentachlorobenzene.
- Violative samples had up to 10 violative residues reported.
- Twenty-eight samples had three or more violative residues reported.
The violative residues reported, the number of violative occurrences, and the range found (ppm) included:
| Violative Residue | # Occurrences (of 37 Violative Samples) |
Range (ppm) |
|---|---|---|
| Pentachloroaniline | 27 | 0.03-5.15 |
| Quintozene | 27 | 0.03-16.84 |
| Pentachlorobenzene | 24 | 0.01-3.04 |
| Tecnazene | 17 | 0.01-1.05 |
| Alpha BHC | 15 | 0.17-1.76 |
| Delta BHC | 15 | 0.05-5.12 |
| Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) | 15 | 0.03-1.94 |
| Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide | 11 | 0.02-1.47 |
| DDE p,p' | 8 | 0.02-0.67 |
| 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline | 6 | 0.01- 0.14 |
| DCPA | 6 | 0.02-0.18 |
| Difenoconazole | 6 | 0.02-0.29 |
| Beta BHC | 5 | 0.34-0.59 |
| DDT p,p' | 5 | 0.03-0.09 |
| Lindane | 4 | 0.70-1.27 |
| Procymidone | 4 | 0.16-2.17 |
| Heptachlor Epoxide | 2 | 0.01-0.09 |
| DDT o,p' | 1 | 0.03 |
| Dieldrin | 1 | 0.14 |
| Endosulfan I | 1 | 0.16 |
| Endosulfan II | 1 | 0.08 |
| Endosulfan Sulfate | 1 | 0.02 |
| Pentachlorobenzonitrile | 1 | 0.03 |
Domestic Samples:
- Seventy-nine domestic ginseng samples were collected and analyzed in FYs 2003 and 2004. Forty-five of the samples (57%) were classified as Lab Class 3 (Adverse Findings or "Violative"). The balance of the samples (34) had laboratory classifications that were non-violative.
- Sixty-seven of the samples were dietary supplement capsules, five were ginseng fluid extracts, four were raw material ginseng powder, and three were teas.
- Forty-nine samples were documented in the collection records as consisting of Panax, Chinese, or Korean Ginseng (i.e., "Panax ginseng"). Twenty-six of these samples (53%) were violative.
- Twenty-eight samples were documented in the collection records as consisting of American Ginseng (i.e., "Panax quinquefolius"). Eighteen of these were found "violative" (64%).
- One violative sample was recorded as containing "Tienchi ginseng" (i.e., Panax pseudoginseng Wall. var. notoginseng), and one non-violative sample recorded as containing "Panax and Siberian Ginseng Root."
Attachment 4 is a table of FY 2003 and 2004 domestic ginseng violative samples listing sample number, product description (species of ginseng and form of product), and the violative residue(s) reported for each.
Attachment 5 is a table of the FY 2003 and 2004 non-violative domestic ginseng samples listing sample number and product description (species of ginseng and form of product).
Domestic Violative Residue Findings:
- For the 45 violative samples, 23 different violative residues were reported.
- The three most common violative residues were Quintozene, Pentachloroaniline, and Pentachlorobenzene.
- Samples had up to 11 different violative residues reported.
- Thirty-two samples had three or more violative residues.
The violative residues reported, the number of violative occurrences, and the range found (ppm) included:
| Violative Residue | # of Occurrences (of 45 Violative Samples) |
Range (ppm) |
|---|---|---|
| Quintozene | 36 | 0.02-15.1 |
| Pentachloroaniline | 33 | 0.03- 2.23 |
| Pentachlorobenzene | 30 | 0.02-1.71 |
| Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) | 22 | 0.01-1.75 |
| Tecnazene | 19 | 0.01-0.82 |
| Alpha BHC | 18 | 0.02-1.59 |
| Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide | 16 | 0.02-0.75 |
| Delta BHC | 15 | 0.03-3.06 |
| Beta BHC | 12 | 0.03-1.80 |
| 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline | 9 | 0.04-0.20 |
| DCPA | 8 | 0.02-0.21 |
| Lindane | 6 | 0.54-1.42 |
| DDE p,p' | 5 | 0.01-2.95 |
| DDT p,p' | 3 | 0.04-1.21 |
| Heptachlor Expoxide | 3 | 0.05-0.16 |
| 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene | 2 | 0.02-0.03 |
| DDT o,p' | 2 | 0.04-0.43 |
| Procymidone | 2 | 0.39-1.69 |
| Difenconazole | 1 | 0.08 |
| Fluvalinate | 1 | 0.04 |
| Oxidixyl | 1 | 0.93 |
| Pentachlorobenzonitrile | 1 | 0.19 |
| Piperonyl Butoxide | 1 | 2.62 |
Comparison of Results: Import vs. Domestic Samples:
- Violation rates were similar, 60% for imports and 57% for domestic ginseng samples.
- Of the violative samples, the percentage with three or more violative residues was similar, 76% for imports and 71% for domestic ginseng samples.
- Residue profiles for the violative import and violative domestic ginseng samples were similar; import and domestic samples each collectively had 23 violative residues, 19 of which were common to both import and domestic samples.
- The top three residue occurrences for violative import and domestic samples were the same (Quintozene, Pentachloroaniline, and Pentachlorobenzene).
Attachment 6 is a table listing the violative pesticides reported in the ginseng dietary supplement samples and the action, use, or chemical characterization of each.
Attachments 1-6
| Pesticide | EPA Tolerance/FDA Enforcement Level |
|---|---|
| 2,4D | 1.0/0.1 ppm (diethylamine salt from water hyacinth control/Diethylamine Salt Negligible Residue Tolerance) |
| BHC (Benzene Hexachloride) | 0.05 ppm (FDA Enforcement Level 40 CFR 108.34, total of individual isomers alpha, beta, delta, gamma) |
| Boscalid | 0.70 ppm |
| Carfentrazone-ethyl | 0.10 ppm |
| Clethodim | 1.0 ppm |
| Chlorothalonil | 0.1 ppm |
| (Zeta-)Cypermethryn | 0.1 ppm |
| DCPA | 2.0, however tolerance established effective 8/20/04; no DCPA tolerance in effect for the samples reported |
| Diazinon | 0.75 ppm |
| Fenhexamid | 0.3 ppm |
| Imidacloprid | 0.40 ppm |
| Iprodione | 2.00 ppm (4.00 ppm dried ginseng) |
| Myclobutanil | 0.03 ppm |
| Lindane | 0.50 ppm (FDA Enforcement Level 40 CFR 108.34) |
| (S-)Metolachlor Acetamid (Metolachlor related compound) | 0.30 ppm |
| Pyraclostrobin | 0.40 ppm |
| Sulfosate | 0.15 ppm |
| Thiamrthoxam | 0.02 ppm |
| Zoximide | 0.06 ppm (Regional Tolerance) |
| Entry Country of Origin | Sample # | Product Description | Violative Residue(s) Reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| PROC (Mainland China) | 101407 | Panax Ginseng 20% Extract (powder) | Difenococazole, Pentachloroaniline |
| PROC | 201066 | Dried Ginseng Root | Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, Pentachloroaniline, HCB, Quintozene, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide |
| PROC | 203768 | Chinese Ginseng | Total BHCs (Alpha, Beta, Delta Lindane), HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Qunitozene, Tecnazene |
| PROC | 203770 | Chinese White Ginseng | DCPA |
| PROC | 206376 | Ginseng Root | DCPA, DDE p,p', DDT p,p', Heptachlor epoxide, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| PROC | 209080 | Panax Ginseng Red Root Powder | Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| PROC | 211498 | Korean Ginseng | DDE p,p', Procymidone, Quntozene |
| PROC | 211740 | Panax Ginseng Powder Extract 80% (Tea Use) | Difenoconazole |
| PROC | 215775 | Chinese Ginseng | Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlororphenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| PROC | 217387 | White Chinese Ginseng Fiber (Panax C.A. Meyer) | Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene |
| PROC | 217388 | White Chinese Ginseng Fiber (Panax C.A. Meyer) | Alpha BHC, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlororphenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene,Tecnazene |
| PROC | 226588 | Panax Ginseng White Powder | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachlororaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| PROC | 228598 | Ginsen Extract | Difenoconazole, Pentachloroaniline, Procymidone |
| PROC | 240400 | Panax Ginseng Berry Extract Powder PE 60% | Difenoconazole, Pentachloroaniline |
| PROC | 244119 | Ginseng | Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| PROC | 292884 | Ginseng Powder | Pentachloroaniline |
| PROC | 295484 | Ginseng Leaves | Difenoconazole |
| Canada | 205466 | Ginseng (North American cultivated ginseng) | DDE, p,p', DDT p,p', Dieldrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Tecnazene |
| Canada | 209753 | Dried Cultivated American Ginseng Root | Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Canada | 220370 | Ginseng Capsules(Canadian ginseng) | DCPA, DDE, p,p', DDT o,p', DDT p,p', Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene |
| Canada | 220402 | Red Chinese Ginseng Tablets | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, HCB, Pentachlororaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene. |
| Canada | 220553 | Softgel Ginseng Capsules (Panax C.A. Meyer) | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Canada | 220789 | Korean Panax Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Canada | 224422 | Korean Red Ginseng Capsules | Procymidone |
| Canada | 224494 | Korean Panax Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlororbenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Canada | 235553 | Korean Panax Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlororbenzene, Quintozene |
| Canada | 243392 | Ginseng Root | DCPA, DDE p,p', Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlororbenzonitrile, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Canada | 288423 | Ginseng Powder | DDE p'p', DDT p,p' |
| Hong Kong | 200583 | Panax Ginseng Root | DCPA, DDE p,p', DDT p,p', Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Hong Kong | 203774 | Sliced China Red Ginseng | Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Hong Kong | 206978 | Ginseng | DCPA, DDE p,p', Pentachlroraniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene. |
| Hong Kong | 208283 | American Ginseng | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, Quintozene |
| Hong Kong | 208287 | American Ginseng | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, Pentachloroaniline, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Hong Kong | 246702 | Radix Ginseng | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlororphenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Republic of Korea | 201359 | Panax Ginseng | Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| Republic of Korea | 207036 | Red Ginseng | Difenoconazole, Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, Endosulfan Sulfate, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Procymidone, Quintozene |
| Republic of Korea | 288107 | Ginseng Powder | HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| Entry Country of Origin | Sample # | Product Description |
|---|---|---|
| PROC (Mainland China) | 155786 | Panax Ginseng Herb Tea Bags (Made in China, DI Sample) |
| PROC | 197912 | American Ginseng Seeds |
| PROC | 199633 | Panax Ginseng Extract |
| PROC | 202672 | Ginseng |
| PROC | 213436 | Kirin Ginseng Loose |
| PROC | 216176 | Ginseng Oriental Root |
| PROC | 217390 | Red Chinese Ginseng Fiber (Panax C.A. Meyer) |
| PROC | 217396 | White Chinese Ginseng Root & Prong (Panax C.A. Meyer) |
| PROC | 217399 | Red Chinese Ginseng Root & Prong (Panax C.A. Meyer) |
| PROC | 220657 | Panax Ginseng Powder Extract |
| PROC | 244282 | Ginseng Extract |
| PROC | 247741 | Panax Ginseng |
| PROC | 266194 | Panax Ginseng |
| PROC | 275957 | Siberian Ginseng |
| PROC | 282923 | American Ginseng Root |
| Canada | 202565 | Ginseng Powder |
| Canada | 220618 | Korean Ginseng Tablets (Induced Sample1) |
| Canada | 220810 | Panax Korean Ginseng Capsules (Induced Sample1) |
| Canada | 224183 | Panex Ginseng Capsules (Induced Sample1) |
| Italy | 274302 | Ginseng |
| Italy | 296097 | Ginseng Dry Extract |
| Indonesia | 195797 | Powdered Ginseng (Domestic-Import sample; bulk product sampled @ Herbal Powers, Chicago IL) |
| Netherlands | 261602 | Ginseng Root |
| Switzerland | 233364 | Ginseng Powder |
| Taiwan (Republic of China) | 285187 | Ginseng Capsules |
1Induced sample - product viewed on Canadian dealer's website and ordered undercover for mail delivery.
| Sample # | Product | Violative Residue(s) Reported |
|---|---|---|
| 101406 | Korean Ginseng Capsules | Difenconazole, Pentachloroaniline |
| 173969 | Korean Red Ginseng Capsules | Procymidone, Pentachloroaniline |
| 173987 | Chinese Red Ginseng Capsules | 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene. |
| 173988 | Panax Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene. |
| 186354 | Time Release Korean Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 197112 | American Ginseng Capsules | Pentachlorobenzene |
| 197113 | Korean Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlororbenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 197115 | Chinese Red Ginseng Capsules | HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorbenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Piperonyl Butoxide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 197120 | American Ginseng Capsules | DCPA, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlororbenzene, Pentachlororphenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| 200488 | American Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 208993 | Pure Korean Ginseng Capsules | 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 208994 | American Ginseng Capsules | DCPA, Pentachloroaniline, Pentaclorobenzene, Quintozene |
| 208995 | American Ginseng Capsules | DCPA, Heptachlor Epoxide, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlororphenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| 293284 | Panax Ginseng Powder Extract (Raw Material Imported from PROC) | Pentachloroaniline, Procymidone |
| 293285 | White Ginseng Powder (Raw Material Imported from PROC) | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 214794 | American Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, DCPA, DDE p,p', Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachloroaniline, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 217962 | Korean White Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, HCB, Quintozene |
| 218850 | Panax Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 218978 | American Ginseng Capsules | DDE p,p', DDT o,p', DDT p,p', Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 220667 | Panax Ginseng Softgel Capsules | Fluvalinate |
| 220946 | Korean Panaz Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, DDE p'p', HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 220948 | Korean White Ginseng Root Capsules | Quintozene |
| 220949 | Korean ginseng Root Capsules | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene, |
| 220951 | Korean Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 226211 | American Ginseng Root Capsules | Quintozene, Pentachlorobenzene |
| 227252 | American Ginseng Capsules | Pentachlorobenzene |
| 227254 | Korean Ginseng Root Capsules | Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| 240412 | American Ginseng Capsules | Oxadixyl, Pentachloroaniline, Quintozene |
| 240613 | Korean Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| 240618 | American Ginseng Root Capsules | Alpha BHC, HCB, Lindane, Pentachlorobenzne, Quintozene, Tecnzene |
| 248496 | American Ginseng Capsules | DCPA, HCB, Heptachlor Epoxide, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorobenzonitrile, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 256505 | American Ginseng Capsules | Pentachloroaniline |
| 256506 | Korean Panax Ginseng Capsules | Quintozene |
| 257853 | Korean Ginseng Root Capsules | Quintozene |
| 257854 | Korean Ginseng Root Capsules | Quintozene |
| 257857 | Korean Ginseng Root (raw material ginseng and finished product capsules) | HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| 287692 | American Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, DCPA, DDE p,p', DDT p,p', HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 284192 | American Ginseng Capsules | DCPA, Heptachlor Epoxide, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnzene |
| 290461 | Korean ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene |
| 290462 | Korean Ginseng Capsules | 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline, Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene, Tecnazene |
| 290703 | American Ginseng Capsules | Lindane, Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene |
| 292008 | American Ginseng Powder | DCPA, DDE p,p', DDT o,p', DDT p,p', Pentachloroaniline, Pentachlorobenzene |
| 292079 | American Ginseng Fluid Extract Herbal Supplement | Pentachloroaniline |
| 297875 | Tienchi Ginseng Capsules | HCB, Pentachlorobenzene, Quintozene |
| 297876 | Chinese Red Ginseng Capsules | Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Delta BHC, HCB, Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide, Quintozene |
| Sample # | Product Description |
|---|---|
| 115145 | American ginseng Capsules |
| 141627 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| 155785 | American Ginseng Root (Glycerine Base, Fluid) |
| 155787 | Ginseng Capsules (Oriental Ginseng Root (Panex Ginseng) 50 mg & Siberian Ginseng Root and active base 350 mg) |
| 173727 | North American Ginseng Capsules |
| 173986 | Panax Ginseng Tea Bags |
| 173989 | Chinese Red Panax Root Ginseng Extractum (Fluid) |
| 186355 | Korean ginseng Capsules |
| 197114 | Chinese Red Ginseng Capsules |
| 197116 | American Ginseng Instant Tea |
| 197117 | Red Panax Ginseng Extractum (Fluid) (collected as a domestic sample but labeled "Product of China") |
| 197118 | Korean Ginseng Root Extract Tonic for Tea |
| 197119 | American Ginseng Liquid Extract |
| 214795 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| 217960 | Red Chinese Ginseng Capsules |
| 217961 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| 220943 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| 220947 | Korean Ginseng Extract Capsules |
| 220950 | Korean Ginseng Root Capsules |
| 220952 | American Ginseng Extract (Fluid) |
| 226208 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| 226209 | Korean Ginseng Capsules (collected as a domestic sample but labeled "Product of England") |
| 226210 | Korean Ginseng Capsules (collected as a domestic sample but labeled "Product of England") |
| 227253 | Korean Ginseng Root Capsules |
| 227255 | Panax Ginseng Extract Capsules |
| 227404 | American Ginseng Capsules |
| 229276 | Chinese Red Panax Ginseng Softgels |
| 240615 | American Ginseng Root Capsules |
| 248498 | Asian Chinese Red Ginseng Capsules |
| 254481 | American Ginseng Capsules |
| 257852 | Korean Ginseng (Raw Material) |
| 257855 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| 287919 | American Ginseng Capsules |
| 289415 | Korean Ginseng Capsules |
| Residue | Action/Use/Characterization |
|---|---|
| 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene | Insecticide/Chemical Intermediate for Herbicides and Defoiliants |
| 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroaniline | Metabolite of Tecnazene |
| Alpha BHC | Insecticide |
| Beta BHC | Insecticide |
| DCPA | Herbicide |
| DDE p,p' | Insecticide |
| DDT o,p' | Insecticide |
| DDT p,p' | Insecticide |
| Delta BHC | Insecticide |
| Difenoconazole | Fungicide |
| Dieldrin | Insecticide |
| Endosulfan I | Insecticide |
| Endosulfan II | Insecticide |
| Endosulfan Sulfate | Metabolite of Endosulfan (Insecticide) |
| Fluvalinante | Insecticide |
| Heptachlor Epoxide | Insecticide |
| Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) | Impurity of Quintozene |
| Lindane | Insecticide |
| Oxidixyl | Fungicide |
| Pentachloroaniline | Metabolite of Quintozene |
| Pentachlorobenzene | Impurity of Quintozene |
| Pentachlorobenzonitrile | Metabolite of Chlorothalonil (Fungicide) |
| Pentachlorophenyl Methyl Sulfide | Metabolite of Quintozene |
| Piperonyl Butoxide | Insecticide |
| Procymidone | Fungicide |
| Quintozene (PCNB) | Fungicide |
| Tecnazene (TCNB) | Plant Growth Regulator |
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